China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Microalgae
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
G.V. Swarnalatha, Ajam Shekh, P.V. Sijil, C.K. Madhubalaji, Vikas Singh Chauhan, Ravi Sarada
The phosphoglycolate is dephosphorylated to glycolate by the enzyme phosphoglycolate phosphatase; otherwise it inhibits the carboxylase activity of RuBisCO. This glycolate via photorespiration enters into further metabolism (Beardall and Raven 2004; J. A. Raven 2000), or it is lost by excretion from algal cells. In some algae, dissolved inorganic carbon assimilation from the environment occurs by alternative pathways.
High alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae causes fatty liver disease through 2,3-butanediol fermentation pathway in vivo
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Nan-Nan Li, Wei Li, Jun-Xia Feng, Bing Du, Rui Zhang, Shu-Heng Du, Shi-Yu Liu, Guan-Hua Xue, Chao Yan, Jing-Hua Cui, Han-Qing Zhao, Yan-Ling Feng, Lin Gan, Qun Zhang, Wei-Wei Zhang, Di Liu, Chen Chen, Jing Yuan
Considering given the differences in the alcohol production of HiAlc Kpn under aerobic (63.2 for W14 and 60.8 mmol/L for TH1, respectively) and anaerobic conditions (36.7 for W14 and 31.2 mmol/L for TH1, respectively),4 we separated and identified the proteins that were expressed by K. pneumoniae W14 and TH1 cultivated under these different conditions. The expression levels of the cultures grown under anaerobic conditions were very similar to those grown under aerobic conditions, and many of the landmark spots had counterparts. A total of 66 protein entries, which exhibited at least a three-fold change or greater, comprising 59 up-regulated and seven down-regulated proteins (Table S2), were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight/time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry and/or electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry during aerobic growth. Notably, 21 proteins (accounting for 32%) were enriched in the carbohydrate transport and metabolism pathway (Figure 2a). These identified proteins were related to metabolism, stress, and translation. We detected these 21 proteins: acetate kinase, acetoin reductase, acetolactate decarboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, acid phosphatase, autonomous glycyl radical cofactor, ADH, enolase, diacetyl reductase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, glucans biosynthesis protein G, keto-hydroxyglutarate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphate acetyltransferase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase, short chain dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, yfiG gene product, and yfiD gene product. In particular, the proteins involved in the 2,3-butanediol fermentation pathway including ADH, acetate kinase, acetolactate decarboxylase, diacetyl reductase, and acetoin reductase, and the proteins related to pyruvate formate-lyase flux such as the yfiD gene product, pflB gene product, and autonomous glycyl radical cofactor were uniquely highly expressed in HiAlc Kpn but were not up-regulated in the standard strain ATCC BAA-2146, suggesting that carbohydrate substances are catabolized to produce ethanol and 2,3-butanediol via the 2,3-butanediol fermentation pathway (Figure 2a).