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Blood Flow and Its Modulation in Malignant Tumors
Published in Neville Willmott, John Daly, Microspheres and Regional Cancer Therapy, 2020
Although we do not know exactly which of flunarizine’s actions are important in radiosensitizing tumors, recent studies of tumor metabolism in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy have shown a clear decrease in the ratio of inorganic phosphate (Pi) to total phosphate in cells,105 indicating an improved metabolic status consistent with an increase in oxygen availability. Another potential therapeutic benefit of the calcium channel blockers may be their inhibitory effect on metastasis.106,107 It has been suggested that increased blood flow may enhance the passage of tumor cells through tissues (liver) and delay the trapping of tumor cells in microvascular beds until they die in the bloodstream108.
Cerebral Evaluation with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Published in Richard A. Jonas, Jane W. Newburger, Joseph J. Volpe, John W. Kirklin, Brain Injury and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 2019
The effect of ischemia on the NMR spectrum is illustrated in Figure 13-2. Phosphocreatine is the most sensitive compound to ischemia and decreases first, followed by a decrease in ATP. At the same time, inorganic phosphate (Pi) increases, and the resonance frequency shifts, thus reflecting intracellular acidosis during ischemia.
Chemical Factors
Published in Michael J. Kennish, Ecology of Estuaries Physical and Chemical Aspects, 2019
Phosphorus occurs in seawater as HPO2−4, NaHPO−4, and MgHPO04; the simple phosphate ion PO3−4 apparently is rare. Seawater, on the average, contains 0 to 70 μg P per liter, with surface seawater approaching the lower end of the range.21 Turekian23 has estimated the mean concentration of phosphorus in river water at 20 μg/ℓ.
Role of cinnamon oil against acetaminophen overdose induced neurological aberrations through brain stress and cytokine upregulation in rat brain
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Mohammad Ashafaq, Sohail Hussain, Saeed Alshahrani, Osama Madkhali, Rahimullah Siddiqui, Gulrana Khuwaja, M. Intakhab Alam, Fakhrul Islam
Chaudhary and Parvez (2012) method was followed to assess the Na+ K+-ATPase activity as the release of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Ach E was determined by Chaudhary and Parvez (2012). Briefly, resultant sample consists of 0.075 M acetylthiocholine iodide, 0.1 M PB pH 8.0, and Ellman’s reagent (DTNB 10 mM, NaHCO3 15 mM). 13.6 × 103 M−1 cm−1 MEC was used to calculate acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity nmol thiocholine formed per min per mg protein. Estimation of monoamine oxidase (MAO) was determined on the basis of BAHC oxidation to benzaldehyde as described by Chaudhary and Parvez (2012). MAO enzyme activity was observed at 280 nm and calculated as nmol BAHC hydrolyzed/h/mg protein using a MEC of 7.6925 M−1 cm−1.
Protective effect of thymoquinone in preventing trauma-related damage: an experimental study
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Basar Erdivanli, Abdullah Ozdemir, Ahmet Sen, Tolga Mercantepe, Hizir Kazdal, Huseyin Avni Uydu, Levent Tumkaya
According to the method of Yoshimura, 100 mg of brain tissue were homogenized with 1 mL of 10 mM (pH 7.4) Tris-HCl (Yoshimura 1973). Homogenates were centrifuged at 4 °C at 4000 g for 10 min. Fifty microlitres of the supernatant was mixed with 250 µL KCl (0.8M), 250 µL NaCl (4 M), 250 µL MgCl (0,4) and 200 µL Tris-HCl (1 M). Similarly, 50 µL supernatant was mixed with 250 µL ouabain (40 mM), 250 µL NaCl (4 M), 250 µL MgCl (0,4) and 200 µL Tris-HCl (1 M). Both mixtures were incubated at 37 °C for 10 minutes. After that, 60 µL ATP (25 mM) was added, and the resulting mixtures were incubated at 37 °C for one hour. The reaction was stopped by adding 500 µL of 10% TCA. The mixtures were centrifugated at 4 °C at 3000 g for 10 min. Inorganic phosphate levels were measured with the method of Fiske and Subbarow; the results were given as nmol Pi/min/mg prt (Fiske and Subbarow 1925).
Glycoprotein levels and oxidative lung injury in experimental diabetes: effect of oxovanadium(IV) complex based on thiosemicarbazone
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Bertan Boran Bayrak, Sevim Tunali, Tulay Bal-Demirci, Bahri Ulkuseven, Refiye Yanardag
Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane enzyme that is ubiquitously found in animal cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance in cells via exporting three Na+ ions and imports two K+ ions across the plasma membrane using the energy released during the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (Kaločayová et al. 2015). The degree of peroxidation of lipid and/or protein molecules in cell membrane is associated with decrease in the Na+/K+-ATPase activity (de Lores Arnaiz and Ordieres 2014). According to our findings, Na+/K+-ATPase decreased in STZ-induced diabetic group. Decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity may be due to the redox-sensitive properties of Na+/K+-ATPase, which can be regulated by levels of intracellular ROS (Yan et al. 2016). Treatment with VOL to diabetic group statistically increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity.