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Flaxseed, a Functional Food—Constituents and Their Health Benefits
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Flaxseeds are available in two basic varieties: brown and yellow or golden. Both have similar nutritional characteristics and equal numbers of short-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are important fats that the body needs that it must get from the diet because the body cannot produce them. The three most important types are Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ALA is mainly found in plants, seeds and nuts, including flaxseeds, chia seeds, flaxseed oil and walnuts. DHA and EPA occur mostly in animal foods, such as fatty fish, fish oils and algae.
Weight Concerns
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Unsaturated fats are considered “good” fats in the right ratio. You can tell that a fat is unsaturated if it is liquid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats can be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated. The best-known product containing monounsaturated fats is olive oil (think the Mediterranean diet). Canola oil, peanut oil, avocados, and some nuts are other examples of monounsaturated fats. The two main types of polyunsaturated fats are omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids. Foods with omega-3 fatty acids include salmon, mackerel, sardines, and flaxseeds. Foods with omega-6 fatty acids include vegetable oils such as corn, safflower, soybean, sunflower, and walnut oil.
Depression
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
EFA/DHA: Omega-3 fatty acids play a critical role in the development and function of the central nervous system. There is enough epidemiological and laboratory evidence to show that depressed patients appear to have lowered omega-3 status and enough clinical evidence to suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in certain cases of major depression. Epidemiological and laboratory studies demonstrate that fish oil supplements are well-tolerated and without significant side effects. Generally, according to the medical literature, omega-3 supplements are inexpensive and therapeutic at doses of 4–9.6 gm/day, which makes them an attractive option as an adjuvant to standard care.9
Fish oil and chicoric acid combination protects better against palmitate-induced lipid accumulation via regulating AMPK-mediated SREBP-1/FAS and PPARα/UCP2 pathways
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Mohammad Mohammadi, Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir, Nasrin Ziamajidi
Fish oil omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in which the first double bond is located at the third carbon from the omega end. From here on, we use the term “fish oil” to refer to mixture of EPA plus DHA, unless noted otherwise. There is growing evidence that fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects on many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular (AbuMweis et al.2018), diabetes (Chen et al.2015), asthma (Best et al.2016), and NAFLD, as mentioned earlier (Chen et al.2018). Of note, increased fish oil intake is inversely associated with all-cause mortality among general population (Chen et al.2016). However, the mechanism of action of EPA in reducing all-cause mortality is probably due to its anti-inflammatory effects (Miura et al.2016). Although the exact mechanism of action of PUFAs on lipid metabolism is not yet fully understood, it seems that PUFAs affect both lipogenesis and lipolysis by targeting key transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) (Tai and Ding 2010).
Could Immunonutrition Help in the Fight against COVID-19 in Cancer Patient?
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Gang Tang, Linyu Zhang, Wang Huang, Zhengqiang Wei
In recent years, the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been widely studied. In general, omega-3 fatty acids can improve the systemic inflammatory response, which plays a key role in preventing cytokine storm (90). Omega-3 fatty acids may improve inflammation in three ways. Firstly, it can inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway and inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids may downregulate prostaglandin E2 by altering cell membrane composition, reducing inflammatory response. Finally, omega-3 fatty acids can promote the release of anti-inflammatory mediators and accelerate inflammation to subside (91). In addition, regulation of gut microecological balance may also be one of the mechanisms to alleviate inflammation (92). In patients with gastrointestinal cancer, omega-3 fatty acids can improve the inflammatory response caused by surgery, significantly reducing the levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF-α (93).
Targeting triglycerides to lower residual cardiovascular risk
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
Kristen J. Bubb, Adam J. Nelson, Stephen J. Nicholls
For more than 50 years, a considerable body of evidence has suggested that omega-3 fatty acids may have a protective effect on cardiovascular disease. This is supported by observations that greater consumption of both fatty fish [35] and omega-3 fatty acids [36] associate with lower rates of cardiovascular disease in population studies, with the degree of protection directly proportional to plasma and red blood cell concentrations of the major species, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) [37]. These omega-3 fatty acids can lower triglyceride levels by 10–30%, depending on the dose administered and baseline triglyceride concentrations [38]. This triglyceride lowering results from favorable effects on each of the major nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of triglyceride rich lipoprotein metabolism (liver X receptor, farnesol X receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, PPAR α, β, and γ) [38]. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements have also been proposed to exert favorable effects on oxidative, inflammatory and thrombotic factors implicated in atherosclerosis [39].