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Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Marco Merlo, Alessia Paldino, Giulia De Angelis, Gianfranco Sinagra
The genetic background of LVRR has been recently explored. Mutations in genes encoding cytoskeleton Z-disk (DES, FLNC, and DMD), obscurin-like 1 (OBSL1), nexilin F-actin binding protein (NEXN), myopalladin (MYPN), nebulette (NEBL), and LIM domain binding 3 (LDB3) have been associated with a lower rate of LVRR compared with TTN genotype in a study population of 152 DCM patients.79
Signal transduction and exercise
Published in Adam P. Sharples, James P. Morton, Henning Wackerhage, Molecular Exercise Physiology, 2022
Brendan Egan, Adam P. Sharples
With the declining costs of omics technologies and, therefore their more widespread application, coupled to innovations in the detection of posttranslational modifications (105), the same unbiased approaches can be applied to understanding the molecular networks that are acutely responsive to exercise, and therefore promise to reveal novel regulators of adaptation in skeletal muscle to exercise. One noteworthy example is the exploration of the phosphoproteome in human skeletal muscle after an acute session of aerobic exercise (9–11 minutes at 82–85%Wmax in untrained men), which identified 1,004 phosphosites on 562 proteins (~12% of the skeletal muscle phosphoproteome) as being exercise-responsive (106). While some of these phosphosites were targets of known exercise-responsive protein kinases, including AMPK, CaMK and mTOR, the majority of kinases and substrates phosphosites had not previously been associated with exercise-induced signal transduction. An analogous investigation of resistance exercise was performed using electrically evoked maximal intensity contractions in mouse tibialis anterior muscle consisting of 10 sets of 6 contractions lasting 3 seconds with 10 seconds between contractions and a 1-minute rest period between sets (107). The analyses identified 5,983 unique phosphorylation sites of which 663 were found to be regulated by the exercise session. Again, known phosphosites of exercise-responsive protein kinases, including p38 MAPK, CaMK and mTOR, were identified, but in contrast to aerobic exercise, a high proportion of the regulated phosphorylation sites were found on proteins that are associated with the Z‐disc, with ~75% of Z‐disc proteins experiencing robust changes in phosphorylation. The phosphorylation state of two Z‐disc kinases, namely striated muscle‐specific serine/threonine protein kinase (SPEG) and obscurin, was dramatically altered by the maximal intensity contractions and was proposed as novel kinases potentially playing a role in mechanotransduction in skeletal muscle (107).
The involvement of liquid crystals in multichannel implanted neurostimulators, hearing and ENT infections, and cancer
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Chouard Claude-Henri, Christiane Binot, Jean-François Sadoc
The icosahedral capsid contains copies of L1 which can self-organize in 72 pentomers. L2 lies within the capsid. L1 and L2 are involved in initial events such as viral binding to the plasma membrane, cell entry, and viral DNA transport into the nucleus. Notably, L2 possesses a peptide that destabilizes the membrane C terminal [64–70] and a transmembrane domain at the N terminal that is essential for translocation in the cytoplasm. Cytoskeletal obscurin-link-1 protein (OBSL1) forms a complex with HPV16-L2. One may hypothesize that OBSL1 joins the inner cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. It is thus of interest to explore the mesophases that are greatly involved in these structures.