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Mechanotransduction Mechanisms of Hypertrophy and Performance with Resistance Exercise
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Andrew C. Fry, Justin X. Nicoll, Luke A. Olsen
The family of integrin proteins, 24 in all, are heterodimeric consisting of 18 α and 8 β subunits (13). As transmembrane proteins, the integrin physically connects the extracellular matrix to the intracellular space. Within the cell, the integrin indirectly connects to the actin cytoskeleton through scaffolding proteins positioned at the integrin's cytoplasmic tail such as talin, kindlin, and paxillin. Thus, through its transmembrane nature, the integrin allows communication in a bidirectional manner—both in an inside-out and outside-in fashion (96). Interestingly, research has shed light upon the extended physical continuity from the cytoskeleton into the nucleus, made possible by the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex (109). This continuous physical link from the extracellular space, through the integrin to the cytoskeleton, and into the nucleus via the LINC complex, directly influences gene expression in a matter of seconds upon mechanical activity, such as muscle tension produced with exercise.
Adipoinductive effect of extracellular matrix involves cytoskeleton changes and SIRT1 activity in adipose tissue stem/stromal cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Drenka Trivanović, Ivana Drvenica, Tamara Kukolj, Hristina Obradović, Ivana Okić Djordjević, Slavko Mojsilović, Jelena Krstić, Branko Bugarski, Aleksandra Jauković, Diana Bugarski
Considered as an off-the-shelf natural biomaterial for soft tissue reconstruction, the atECM imparts chemical, physical and biological cues that affect cellular function as a result of signal transduction via cell surface receptors and activation of associated signalling pathways [11]. In response to these cues, cells adjust their cytoskeleton tension following linkage of the actomyosin cytoskeleton with the surrounding ECM [12]. Moreover, intracellular machinery engaged by ECM can interact with nuclear membrane and nucleoskeleton leading to cell transcriptome adaptation and epigenetic changes [13]. Transcriptional cascade, triggered in crosstalk with extracellular cues is recognized as principal for the AT-resident stem/progenitor cell lineage commitment [14], while mode of action of atECM in ASCs is still unknown. Therefore, elucidation of contribution of atECM in ASC behaviour is significant for understanding of ASC regenerative properties controlled by their proximate microenvironment.
The hierarchical micro-/nanotextured topographies promote the proliferation and angiogenesis-related genes expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by initiation of Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Yao Lin, Yiming Shao, Jieyin Li, Wenying Zhang, Kaibin Zheng, Xuying Zheng, Xiaoman Huang, Zipeng Liao, Yirui Xie, Junbing He
Surface modification of biomaterials not only modulates cell behaviour directly by regulating protein adsorption and cell focal adhesion but also influences the cell phenotype and overall biological response to the implant indirectly via altering the intracellular signaling pathways [36,37]. Hedgehog signaling plays a pivotal role in both angiogenesis and osteogenesis [8–10]. In this respect, Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling has become focused in biomaterial studies and has been observed to be involved in the biological effects of biomaterial topographies [20–22]. The authors have shown previously that Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling in MG63 cells grown onto our MNTs decorated with TiO2 nanotubes was markedly activated and that it mediated enhanced cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation [23]. Thus, in this study these MNTs were further evaluated to determine whether Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling was involved in the response of endothelial cells to the surface topographies. The expression levels of SHH, SMO and Gli1 were significantly increased in HUVECs grown onto the MNTs, which validated the activation of Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling by the MNTs. These MNTs may provide cells with an extracellular stimulus that can change the structures of the interphase chromosomes inside the nucleus via passing through the cytoskeletal components to the nucleoskeleton, subsequently leading to differences in the gene expression of Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling [38,39]. However, the specific underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated.