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Adult Stem Cell Plasticity
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
In vitro growth of mouse and human bone marrow stromal cells with epidermal growth factor or brain derived neurotrophic factor induces expression of nestin (a marker of neural progenitors), GFAP (a glial marker), and neurofilament (a neuronal marker).69 In vitro MSC metamoirosis also occurs when rat or human stromal cells are cultured in DMEM with β-mercaptoethanol.70 Up to 80% of the cells so cultured expressed the neuronal antigens neuron-specific enolase and neurofilament-M.
Retinal stem cell research
Published in A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
Henry Klassen, Michael J Young, Robert Ritch, Julia E Richards, Teresa Borrάs, Leonard A Levin
The classic marker for NSCs is the intermediate filament nestin, a cytoskeletal protein highly expressed by cells of the embryonic neuroepithelium.3 While this marker is not a perfect indicator of an NSC, it is useful to a first approximation. The developmental role of nestin has not been delineated, but it appears to confer morphologic plasticity to neural precursors. There are many additional markers of interest, including musashi-1, notch, numb, and presenilin. The markers FGFR4, Fz9, nucleostemin, and Sox2 have also been added to the list of putative neural stem cell markers.4
Rett Syndrome
Published in Merlin G. Butler, F. John Meaney, Genetics of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
To accomplish CNS-specific MECP2 deletions, mice carrying the loxed MECP2 allele were crossed with mice carrying Cre driven by the nestin promoter. Because nestin is expressed in neural precursor cells, MECP2 is deleted in the nervous system in the offspring of these mice. Both groups show that when MECP2 is deleted in this way, the mice exhibit a phenotype similar to that of a global MECP2 deletion. This result indicates that the behavioral and neuropathological disorders in these mice result from a lack of MeCP2 protein in the nervous system and not in other tissues, suggesting that neurons have a special requirement for MeCP2. To determine whether MeCP2 is specifically required in postmitotic neurons, Jaenisch and colleagues used mice in which Cre was driven by the Cam kinase promoter to delete MECP2 specifically from postmitotic neurons (105).
Aptamer-based sensing of breast cancer biomarkers: a comprehensive review of analytical figures of merit
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Rajesh Ahirwar, Nabab Khan, Saroj Kumar
Nestin is an intermediate filament protein originally found expressed in adult stem cells in the central nervous system and thus considered as a marker of neural stem cells. Now, it is demonstrated to be expressed in breast and other cancer types, prominently in the basal/myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland. In breast cancer, nestin identifies basal-like tumors and predicts aggressive behavior and poor prognosis [51]. Nestin-positive tumors displayed high proliferation rates and p53 nuclear expression. Lymph-node positive patients with nestin-positive cancers had a shorter breast cancer survival. Nestin is considered as an excellent diagnostic and therapeutic marker for aggressive basal epithelial breast cancer which cannot be identified and treated with ER, PR or HER2-based assessments and therapeutic regimens [52].
Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons affect the expression of endogenous neural progenitor cells and the recovery of neural function after spinal cord injury
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Yu-qi He, Xue-xing Shi, Li Chen, Wen-bo Zhao, Jing Shan, Zong-Long Lin, Lei-luo Yang, Qing Li
Nestin is widely expressed in the cytoplasm of adult pluripotent neural precursor cells or neural stem cells, and is a specific antigen used for localization and detection of neural stem cells [30]. Nestin demonstrates a strict temporal and spatial expression, and once neural progenitor cells or neural stem cells differentiate into mature neurons or glial cells, the expression declines [31]. Therefore, detection of Nestin expression is one of the most commonly used methods to identify neural stem cells. Post injury, Nestin expression was detected in groups C, suggesting that SCI can activate neural stem cells to regenerate the damaged tissue. However, there were also some Nestin positive cell in group D after CB-SAP destroying the CSF-cNs,and at the early stage of injury, the expression of Nestin was higher than in group C, although 7th day onwards, the expression in group C increased and simultaneously decreased in group D. It is considered thatCSF-cNs are not the only source of endogenous NPCs. The stem cell niche of spinal cord central canal region harbors several types of endogenous NPCsendowed with different capacities to differentiate and self-renew [32,33]. CB-SAP cannot destroy non-CSF-cNs endogenous NPCs, meanwhile SCI is an external injury to the body that stimulates the proliferation of these endogenous NPCs. Therefore, the short-term Nestin positive endogenous NPCs increased after SCI while the long-term amount of endogenous NPCs decreased due to the decrease of CSF-cNs. Also a small number of CSF-cNs cells may still remain in the spinal cord which cannot damaged completely by CB-SAP (Figure 2(d)).
Nestin and CD34 expression in colorectal cancer predicts improved overall survival
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2021
Athanasios Tampakis, Benjamin Weixler, Silvan Rast, Ekaterini-Christina Tampaki, Eleonora Cremonesi, Venkatesh Kancherla, Nadia Tosti, Christoph Kettelhack, Charlotte K. Y. Ng, Tarik Delko, Savas D. Soysal, Urs von Holzen, Evangelos Felekouras, Nikolaos Nikiteas, Martin Bolli, Luigi Tornillo, Luigi Terracciano, Serenella Eppenberger-Castori, Giulio C. Spagnoli, Salvatore Piscuoglio, Markus von Flüe, Silvio Däster, Raoul A. Droeser
Notably, however, improved overall survival associated with the co-expression of nestin and CD34 might also be attributed to immune-mediated effects. Several studies suggest that nestin plays a significant role as a critical modulator in the immune system. Recently it has been observed that in chronic inflammation, nestin-positive stromal cells are involved in re-directing inflammatory cells of different tissues in cooperation with endothelial cells [40]. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear [41]. Moreover, CD34 is expressed in progenitor cell types and differentiated leukocytes, including mast cells [42], dendritic cell precursors, and eosinophils [43]. Importantly, CD34 is the ligand for CD62L selectin, highly expressed by central memory lymphocytes [44].