China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Endovascular Implants
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
Elazer Edelman, Lambros Athanasiou, Farhad Rikhtegar Nezami
The most recent foray into stent development, bioresorbable devices termed “vascular scaffolds”, is not the raging success of its predecessors—and in major part because of the impact these devices have on flow. The idea was that the device should reside intravascularly only for as long as needed and thereafter disappear to restore a native state. In this way it was thought that in all patients there would be less injury and more rapid healing, and in the small but significant proportion of patients where the risk of recurrent in-stent restenosis is high, resorbable scaffolds, unlike permanent implants, would not preclude coronary artery bypass graft placement. As such, bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) were thought to provide the promise of restoring options for revascularization, including coronary artery bypass graft surgery, after the scaffolds disappear (Jinnouchi et al., 2018), as well as expansive remodeling and return of coronary vasomotion (Onuma et al., 2017). It was further touted that there was a greater decrease in angina as a result of “uncaging” of the artery and mitigation of stent-related adverse events, allowing a reduced need for extended duration dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (Oberhauser et al., 2009). In 2016, the Absorb scaffold (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California), a 150 mm thick first-generation scaffold, became the first to receive Food and Drug Administration approval.
The Transfer of Passive and Active Immunity
Published in Gérard Chaouat, The Immunology of the Fetus, 2020
C. H. F. Nevard, M. Gaunt, C.D. Ockleford
In order that the fetal immune system might be sensitized, it is necessary that antigen crosses the placenta. Whether or not the antigen is transmitted in the native state or bound in immune complexes is a problem which has not been addressed by experiment directly in man and which may prove interesting in view of the demonstration of Abrahamson et al.50 of immune complex transfer across the neonatal rat gut.
Biochemistry Of The Murine Ia Antigens
Published in Soldano Ferrone, Chella S. David, Ia Antigens, 2019
Although the SDS-PAGE technique is best suited to the analysis of the component α, β, and Ii chains as separate entities, it has been applied with some success in studies of the nature of association between α and β chains in the native state. The majority of the I-A antigens appear to exist in a reasonably tight AαAβ dimer which, in its natural state, is held together by noncovalent bonds. However, the Aα and Aβ chains each appear to have a free sulfhydryl group and up to 50% of the I-A antigen may be isolated as a disulfide-linked, 58,000-dalton, AαAβ dimer due to oxidation during solubilization and isolation of the I-A antigens.56,60
A computational method for predicting the aggregation propensity of IgG1 and IgG4(P) mAbs in common storage buffers
Published in mAbs, 2022
James T. Heads, Sebastian Kelm, Kerry Tyson, Alastair D. G. Lawson
Table 6 compares MAPT scores, with experimentally derived native state aggregation data, to the antibody profiling method for determining developability. All antibodies’ native state aggregation risk propensities were correctly identified by MAPT. In contrast, the antibody profiling rules incorrectly identified the aggregation propensity of several samples (false positive and false negative aggregation propensity assignments). CNTO607IgG4 had three flags, suggesting high aggregation propensity, but this antibody was reported to be stable at 110 mg/ml in PBS37 and had a high PEG midpoint score indicating low aggregation propensity at pH 7.4. Four antibodies had no flags, two of which (drozitumab and infliximab), were experimentally determined to show high aggregation propensity at pH 7.4.16 Two samples had only one flag (duligotuzumab and sirukumab), both of which were reported to have high aggregation propensity in PBS.16
Conditionally active T cell engagers for the treatment of solid tumors: rationale and clinical development
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a natural progression of this technology, whereby the cytotoxic small molecule is conjugated via a proteolytic sensitive linker to a TAA-specific antibody [30]. By being attached to immunoglobulins, these molecules have advantages over the prior two by being able to specifically target cancer cell surface antigens and have extended serum half-lives. In their native state, ADCs and their toxic payloads are conditionally inactive, except for antibody tumor-targeting domains. Once bound to cancer cells, either extracellular or intracellular tumor-associated proteases can hydrolyze the linker, releasing and allowing the toxin to be fully active and kill both the targeted and neighboring tumor cells. As of this review, at least 11 ADCs have been approved, including five for treating metastatic cancer [31], indicating that this approach of leveraging tumor-associated protease activity may improve the tolerance and efficacy of highly potent anticancer drugs against solid tumors.
Professor Pathirissery Uma Devi: on the occasion of her 80th birthday
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Veena Kumari Hande, Manoor Prakash Hande
After her retirement from Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India in 2001, Professor Uma Devi took up the Professor and Head position at the Department of Research, Jawaharlal Nehru (JN) Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. She established an excellent cancer research facility at the Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Center where she continued her work on the cancer therapeutical potential of medicinal plants Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum). Her work and finding that maternal irradiation of mice during pregnancy can produce genomic instability and late effects such as premature aging and tumor development in the offspring has been acknowledged internationally. In recognition of her research in Radiation Embryology, she has been invited as a corresponding member of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Task Group on Radiation Effects on Embryo and Fetus and has contributed a chapter to the ICRP publication 90 (ICRP 2003). She retired from the field of radiation biology in 2006 and returned to her native state of Kerala in South India.