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Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Diet: The disorder can be successfully managed through a specialized protein-restrictive diet that limits the amount of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) taken in. It is particularly important to limit the amount of leucine in the diet. The three amino acids are added to the diet separately in small amounts so that affected individuals can grow and develop normally.2
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Leucine is used in the muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and liver. Leucine directly stimulates the synthesis of muscle proteins. Adipose and muscle tissue use leucine in the formation of sterols.
The Negative Acute Phase Proteins
Published in Andrzej Mackiewicz, Irving Kushner, Heinz Baumann, Acute Phase Proteins, 2020
Angela R. Aldred, Gerhard Schreiber
Distinct changes can be observed in the rates of incorporation of [14C]leucine into proteins during an acute inflammation10,13 (Figure 4). The changes in the rates of incorporation occur in the same direction as the changes in the concentration of the plasma proteins in the bloodstream. The reduction in the rate of incorporation of radioactive amino acid into albumin precedes the reduction in its plasma concentration, similar to the observation for positive acute phase proteins.
Efficacy of L-Leucine Supplementation Coupled with a Calorie-Restricted Diet to Promote Weight Loss in Mid-Life Women
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
LesLee Funderburk, Jeffery Heileson, Matthew Peterson, Darryn S. Willoughby
We noted a significant odds ratio of 10.2, for the participants who gained or maintained lean mass, with a greater proportion of those in the leucine group (38% vs. 6%) gaining or retaining lean mass during the intervention relative to the placebo. This is in agreement with the Verrijen et al. study (24); although, their supplement protocol was distinctly different from ours, being a whey protein product supplemented with leucine. The overall group means for change in lean mass were not statistically different between the two groups; however, the significant odds ratio indicates that individuals following a calorie-restricted diet to promote weight loss diet may benefit from leucine supplementation. Our results also indicate that leucine supplementation did not hinder weight loss progress. This coupled with the fact that some individuals responded to the leucine supplement and either maintained or gained lean mass during weight loss, suggests that there may be benefit of supplementation, but this requires further investigation.
Oral Nutritional Supplementation in Cancer Patients Who Were Receiving Chemo/Chemoradiation Therapy: A Multicenter, Randomized Phase II Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Adilson Aparecido Faccio, Cecilia Helena Peinado de Sampaio Mattos, Evandro Airton Sordi dos Santos, Natael Ribeiro Malta Neto, Raquel Pedro Moreira, Hellin dos Santos, Ana Paula Monnerat Celes
Moreover, data about FFM did not significantly differ between the S arm and C arm. One hypothesis is that the patients’ exposure time to the supplement might not have been enough to cause significant changes. In the literature, data regarding this topic are controversial. Some studies have shown an increase in the FFM of oncologic patients receiving hypercaloric and/or hyperproteic supplements, as mentioned previously. Meanwhile, others do not. In a randomized trial of nutritional supplement with specific components in oncologic patients, Fearon et al. have shown that weight and lean body mass loss can be inhibited with 8 weeks of oral supplementation, as observed in this study, and changes in lean body mass are based on the amount of supplementation ingested in terms of energy and protein (10). The effect of the distribution of protein in meals during the day has also been discussed recently. According to the study of Volpi et al. (27), to observe the effect on muscle mass, the daily protein dose must be distributed in three meals with intakes of 25–30 g, with at least 15 g corresponding to essential amino acids, which are primarily responsible for protein synthesis. Wilkinson et al. have shown an increase in muscle protein synthesis by 110% after a dose of 3.42 g of leucine was administered orally, as assessed directly in the myofibril (28). In addition, the specialized supplement guaranteed an average leucine dose of 3.93 g/day in this group of patients.
Efficacy of L-leucine Supplementation Coupled With Resistance Training in Untrained Midlife Women
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
LesLee K. Funderburk, Kaitlan N. Beretich, Marcus D. Chen, Darryn S. Willoughby
In the present study, we demonstrated that peri- and postmenopausal women had significant increases in strength and only slight increases in FFM despite no significant changes in anabolic-related hormones known to promote such increases. Interestingly, even though underconsumption in kcal and protein during the study may have prevented these midlife adult women from experiencing gains in FFM, it did not appear to impact muscle strength gain. This is an encouraging finding, especially in this age group since decreases in FFM and strength that occur in this period of the life cycle can potentially lead to sarcopenia. Furthermore, our results further emphasize the importance of RT to help increase muscle strength in peri- and postmenopausal women, which can minimize or prevent sarcopenia that might otherwise lead to frailty and decreases in quality of life. Future studies should include stricter guidance regarding prescription of daily kcal and protein intake when utilizing leucine. Even though our present study did not indicate a role for leucine supplementation in augmenting muscle strength and mass, studies have shown otherwise in both young and older individuals (16–20).