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Autopsy Cardiac Examination
Published in Mary N. Sheppard, Practical Cardiovascular Pathology, 2022
The heart is supplied by a rich plexus of lymphatics. The lymphatic channels run along with the veins and drain the lymph to the pulmonary hilar lymph nodes and also directly into the thoracic duct and the left lymphatic channel. As part of the circulatory system, lymphatic vessels have particular functions in fluid homeostasis, lipid absorption, immune cell trafficking and causative agent filtration. The lymphatic vascular system consists of a compact network of blind-ended, slight-walled lymphatic capillaries and collecting lymph vessels that drain exudative protein-rich fluid from the majority of tissues that transport the lymph by way of the thoracic duct to the venous circulation. Several lymphatic endothelial markers, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1), prospero-related homeobox-1 (Prox-1) and podoplanin (D2-40) are widely used in labelling lymphatics (Fig. 1.16).
Lymphatic anatomy: microanatomy and physiology
Published in Charles F. Levenback, Ate G.J. van der Zee, Robert L. Coleman, Clinical Lymphatic Mapping in Gynecologic Cancers, 2022
Erin K. Crane, Charles F. Levenback
More recently, various lymphatic endothelial markers, including PROX1 (prospero homeobox protein), LYVE1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1), and VEGFR3 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3), have aided in the histologic detection of lymphatic channels and advanced our understanding of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic anatomy.15–17
Emerging Biomedical Analysis
Published in Lawrence S. Chan, William C. Tang, Engineering-Medicine, 2019
To look into the possibility of identifying protein biomarkers in ovarian cancer patients, another group of investigators targeted urine, the biological sample collected by the most non-invasive method. In this pilot study, urine samples from 20 ovarian cancer patients and 20 patients with benign ovarian diseases were analyzed by MS using label-free quantification. This study found that the levels of 23 different proteins were significantly elevated between the patient sets. Using another method, the levels of several proteins (LYPD1, LYVE1, PTMA, and SCGB1A1) were confirmed to be increased (Sandow et al. 2018). This discovery will pave the way for further investigation into large populations of patients so as to identify the definitive biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
Evaluation of the relationship of lymphangiogenesis markers with disease pathogenesis in patients with Behçet’s uveitis
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Taner Özgürtaş, Çiğdem Yücel, Erdim Sertoğlu, Yıldız Hayran, Seda Çolak, Emre Tekgöz, Ahmet Omma, Ali Hakan Durukan
Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) is highly enriched in LECs and LYVE-1 has been reported as a mediator of lymphangiogenesis induced by low-molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Recent evidence has indicated that (LYVE-1) levels are elevated in chronic inflammation and the lymphatic immune response [25]. Podoplanin (PDPN) is an O-sialoglycoprotein and is recognized as a selective marker of lymphatic vessel endothelium and it is not expressed in blood vessels and recent reports have shown that PDPN increases the migration of human fibroblasts and affects the structure of endothelial cells [26,27]. Besides these, C-type lectin receptors are also known to have roles in inflammation process and homeostasis. C-type lectin domain family 1 member B (CLEC2) has been shown to induce T cell activation [28]. In a recent study published in 2019, LYVE-1, PROX-1 and PDPN levels were evaluated in examination of intraocular lymphatic vessels in patients with uveal melanoma [29]. Although there are studies about VEGF-C and its receptors levels in various diseases, there is no study evaluating the levels of VEGF-C and its receptors in Behçet’s disease and patients with Behçet’s uveitis.
A novel role of HIF-1α/PROX-1/LYVE-1 axis on tissue regeneration after renal ischaemia/reperfusion in mice
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
LYVE-1 is a lymphatic vessel marker that can be detected during kidney development in mice (Lee et al.2011). In this study, LYVE-1 was only detected in the lymphatic endothelial cells in the sham group and was significantly elevated in the tubular, epithelial, and glomerular cells following I/R from 12 h (Figure 3). Interestingly, LYVE-1 also coexpressed with nestin (Figure 5) and involved in the post-ischaemic tissue regeneration process (Patschan et al.2007). These results suggested LYVE-1 is an important marker in renal tissue repair and regeneration. LYVE-1 and PROX-1 were colocalised in the renal tubular and glomerular tissue (Figure 7) and they were detected when they gradually increased after I/R on Day 4 (Figures 3 and 6).
Corneal Neovascularization: A Combined Approach of Bevacizumab and Suramin Showed Increased Antiangiogenic Effect Through Downregulation of BFGF and P2X2
Published in Current Eye Research, 2018
Emiliano S. Lopez, Gustavo A. Ortiz, Constanza Potilinski, J. Oscar Croxatto, Juan E. Gallo
Suramab inhibits VEGF-A and b-FGF, which are known factors that play major roles in ocular angiogenesis.14–17 In addition, we found LYVE-1 to be downregulated. This is a lymphatic-specific marker. The hyaluronic acid is an important component of the extracellular matrix and a key mediator of cell migration in tissues during inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia. LYVE-1 is expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, leukocytes, dendritic cells, and tumor cells. Its participation in ocular neovascularization has been reported.18,19