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Management of COVID-19 Rehabilitation Nursing
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Pay attention to cardiovascular reactions. There will be different degrees of a stress reaction in the cardiovascular system during exercise. When the isometric resistance is considerable, it has an obvious reaction of raising blood pressure, and isometric exercise is accompanied by extra load on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, patients with hypertensive heart disease or other cardiovascular diseases should be contraindicated from excessive exertion or breath-holding during the exercise of equal length of strength, including weight resistance.
Exercise Physiology
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
Isometric or static exercise also increases muscle blood flow and cardiac output. However, these increases in flow are limited by the higher mean intramuscular pressure. As a result of the limited increase in muscle blood flow, anaerobic metabolism occurs more readily, with the production of lactic acid and increased ADP/ATP ratio. Different cardiovascular responses occur during isometric exercise. The blood pressure is increased to a greater extent compared with isotonic exercise, but there is a lesser increase in cardiac output because of a relatively greater increase in afterload.
Prediction of pre-eclampsia
Published in Pankaj Desai, Pre-eclampsia, 2020
This is one more clinical test that became popular and has been quite extensively researched and studied. It was also called the “isometric exercise test”. It was rated positively when the systolic blood pressure increased by ≥15 mmHg during isometric exercise or decreased ≤14 mmHg immediately after isometric exercise for a time period of about 30 minutes. This makes it a time-consuming test. More than two decades of study reported high sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (68.4%) for predicting pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) compared to other risk factors.3 Besides other handicaps, this test like the roll-over test was incompetent for its positive predictive value. This again means that it is good to screen women who will not develop pre-eclampsia, but this is not a good test to predict if women will develop pre-eclampsia. These limitations of the hand-grip test made its use in clinical practice restricted. As a result, this test is now relegated to the confines of history.
An irritability-based approach to whiplash-associated concussion rehabilitation: a case series
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Lindsay Walston, Cara Martin, Zach Walston, Dale Yake
Interventions including vestibular rehabilitation have been shown to reduce dizziness and improve gait and balance disfunction after a concussion (Alsalaheen et al, 2010). Vestibular rehabilitation also reduced reports of dizziness in individuals with WAD (Ahadi, Naser, and Abolghasemi, 2019). In addition, a combination of manual therapy and exercise has been shown to be beneficial in individuals with neck pain (Boyles et al., 2011; Haas et al., 2010) compared to exercise or manual therapy in isolation. Specifically, utilization of isometric exercise can also be beneficial in reducing pain sensitivity in individuals with WAD (Smith et al., 2017). When combined with manual therapy techniques and thoracic manipulation, these interventions have the potential to aid in recovery by addressing subsequent sensorimotor deficits of the cervical spine with trauma to the neck with whiplash. Finally, sub-threshold aerobic exercise intervention resulted in improved fitness and autonomic function when compared to a period of no intervention, speeding recovery and helping to restore function in both adults and children with PCS (Baker et al., 2012; Leddy, Hinds, Sirica, and Willer, 2016; Silverberg and Iverson, 2012). Each patient received a combination of the described interventions based on their individual presentation and identified impairments. In those with a high level of initial symptoms based on the descriptions in Table 1–3, initial emphasis focused on reducing symptom provocation and resting irritability with gradual transition to function based, full-task practice and activity.
Acute effects of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation following low-intensity isometric exercise on muscle swelling for selective muscle in healthy young men
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2021
Tetsuya Hirono, Tome Ikezoe, Masashi Taniguchi, Shusuke Nojiri, Hiroki Tanaka, Noriaki Ichihashi
Maximum isometric knee extension torque was measured before exercise. After sufficient warm-up, the participants exerted their maximum voluntary knee extension torque for approximately 3 s with verbal encouragements. The peak torque during a 3-s contraction was defined as maximum strength. The measurements were performed twice with an interval of 60 s, and the largest value was defined as the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). After more than 2 min of rest, the participants were asked to report their self-perceived fatigue in their knee extensors. After the investigator confirmed they were not fatigued, the participants performed the isometric knee extension exercise at the target torque of 30% of MVC. The low-intensity protocol exercise is widely used in clinical settings and rehabilitation. Exerted torque and the target torque were displayed on a monitor that was located 1 m in front of the participants. They were instructed to exert their knee extension torque over the target torque of 30% of MVC during their voluntary contractions. The low-intensity isometric exercise was performed in three sets; one set comprised 10 repetitions of 5 s contractions and 5 s rest intervals, and inter-set intervals were 60 s. Each exerted torque during the low-intensity exercise was recorded, excluding the initial 1-s torque, which was considered the increasing phase. The recorded torques were normalized to MVC, and the averaged torque (%MVC) was calculated.
Effect of exercise and physical activity on blood pressure in adults with resistant hypertension: a protocol for a systematic review
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2020
Suranga Dassanayake, Gisela Sole, Gerard Wilkins, Margot Skinner
Among the types of exercises, aerobic exercise is the most highly recommended to reduce blood pressure [23, 24]. A recent meta-analysis explored the effectiveness of aerobic exercise for hypertensive populations, and included 14 studies with 860 participants. Results showed significant mean differences in the experimental and control groups, for SBP of 12.26 mmHg (95% CI: 15.17 to 9.34) and 6.12 mmHg (95% CI: 7.76 to 4.48) [3]. A reduction in blood pressure above 4.4 mmHg is considered as a clinically significant change [28] and a 10 mmHg reduction in SBP will reduce all cause of mortality by 13% [29]. Resistance exercises have also been shown to have a positive effect on lowering blood pressure in HT [30–32] and have been recommended as a supplement to aerobic exercise to reduce blood pressure in HT [33]. A recent meta-analysis which examined dynamic resistance exercise as a stand-alone therapy (64 trials, n = 2344) showed a mean reduction of 5.7 mmHg (95% CI: 9.0 to −2.7) and 5.2 mmHg (95% CI: 8.4 to 1.9) for SBP and DBP respectively [30]. Isometric exercise is the other form of exercise which has been shown to reduce blood pressure, as demonstrated in results published in a range of systematic reviews and meta-analyses [34–36].