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Hypomagnesemia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Hypomagnesemia is a deficiency of magnesium in the blood. Low levels of serum magnesium are becoming more common because the modern diet contains lower amounts of magnesium. Typically, magnesium depletion results from both inadequate intake and impairment of renal or gut absorption. Also, alcohol, diarrhea, and certain drugs (e.g., loop diuretics such as furosemide) can cause increased excretion of magnesium.1 Magnesium deficiency can cause a wide variety of features including hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and cardiac and neurological problems. A chronic state of low magnesium has been associated with a number of chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, alcohol use, hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia), coronary heart disease, and osteoporosis.2
PerformLyte—A Prodosomed PL425 PEC Phytoceutical-Enriched Electrolyte Supplement—Supports Nutrient Repletion, Healthy Blood pH, Neuromuscular Synergy, Cellular and Metabolic Homeostasis
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Bernard W. Downs, Manashi Bagchi, Bruce S. Morrison, Jeffrey Galvin, Steve Kushner, Debasis Bagchi
Reduced intake of dietary magnesium, certain diseases, and medications significantly reduce the ability of the intestine to absorb magnesium or increase the excretion of magnesium.113,148 Overindulgence of alcohol and associated malnutrition, dehydration, chronic diarrhea, and diuretic medicines to regulate high blood pressure have been demonstrated to cause hypomagnesemia.148–151 Approximately half of the ICU patients have a great possibility of becoming magnesium deficient.149,150 Hypomagnesemia has been reported to exhibit diverse symptoms, including arrhythmias, muscle weakness, cramps, nausea, vomiting, breathing difficulties, confusion, hallucinations, and seizures.147–151
Body fluids and electrolytes
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Hypomagnesaemia occurs when the serum magnesium falls below 0.75mmol/L. This condition is common among critically ill patients, and, if left untreated, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory muscle weakness and seizures. It can occur owing to a shift of magnesium to the intracellular space, decreased GI absorption (e.g., malabsorption syndromes, fistulae, Crohn’s disease, bowel resection, cancer) or decreased intake or increased urinary loss (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperparathyroidism, loop diuretics). Whereas a healthy balanced diet provides sufficient magnesium, patients who eat a poor diet, e.g., chronic alcoholics and critical care patients, are at risk of hypomagnesaemia.
Association of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper Intakes with Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2018
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Han Xu, Xinxin Dong, Jin Wang, Xiaowei Cheng, Shifang Qu, Tingting Jia, Jun Liu, Zhiyao Li, Yan Yao
Previous studies have shown that hypomagnesemia is closely related to T2DM. Magnesium is an important cofactor involved in glucose metabolism.33 Hypomagnesemia leads to increased insulin resistance and induces hyperglycemia, meanwhile, insulin resistance in turn aggravates hypomagnesemia.34,35 Studies have shown that hypomagnesemia is also related to hypertension, diabetes retinopathy, neuropathy, and kidney disease.36,37 Pratyush Kumar et al. found a significant difference between evaluating serum magnesium and retinopathy,38 and suggested that DM patients increase their consumption of major food sources of magnesium to prevent and reduce the occurrence of DM complications. The latest research results confirmed that the increase in dietary magnesium intake is related to the reduction of DR incidence, and adequate magnesium intake is beneficial to DR prevention,39 which is consistent with our results.
Association Between Magnesium Status, Dietary Magnesium Intake, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Hatice Ozcaliskan Ilkay, Habibe Sahin, Fatih Tanriverdi, Gulhan Samur
Nutritional management of T2DM has concentrated on macronutrient intakes (5). On the other hand, micronutrients have been investigated as potential preventive and treatment agents for T2DM and its chronic complications. Magnesium (Mg) is a micronutrient especially important in this regard (6). Magnesium is the second most common intracellular cation and is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body (7). Magnesium is a cofactor of various enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin action (8). Hypomagnesemia worsens glycemic control by impairing insulin release and promoting insulin resistance. On the contrary, T2DM could facilitate low serum magnesium levels, and this could, in turn, worsen glycemic control of diabetes. The chronicity of this vicious circle has been suggested to predispose to chronic complications of T2DM (9,10). Hypomagnesemia has been reported to occur in 10.5–47.7% of patients with T2DM (9,11,12). Some epidemiological studies have suggested that adequate magnesium intake reduces the risk of development of T2DM (13–15). Additionally, others have shown that the magnesium intake by patients with diabetes is below recommended levels (16,17). The concentration of plasma magnesium and/or dietary magnesium intake were positively correlated with good metabolic control in patients with T2DM (6,16–19). There are scarce data describing the association of both magnesium status and dietary magnesium intake with metabolic control from a broad perspective in T2DM, and such an investigation has not been performed in a Turkish population.
Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of non-hematological tumors: a safety review
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Lidia Rita Corsini, Daniele Fanale, Francesco Passiglia, Lorena Incorvaia, Vincenzo Gennusa, Viviana Bazan, Antonio Russo
Another common side effect of therapy with anti-EGFR agents is the hypomagnesemia [69]. A recent systematic review reported that the incidence of cetuximab-related hypomagnesemia is 35–100% for all grade and 1.7–27% for grade 3–4 [70], while severe hypomagnesemia observed with panitumumab has been reported in 4% of cases, with global incidence grade of 28.9–85.7% [71]. Because magnesium reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is mediated by EGFR signaling, the greater affinity of the panitumumab to EGFR could explain the major occurrence of hypomagnesemia [72,73]. Hypocalcemia, and cardiovascular and neuromuscular complications, such as arrhythmia, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, confusion, tetany, agitation, tremors, may be a consequence of the hypomagnesemia, which must be suspected in patients who refer these symptoms. Therefore, it is recommendable periodically monitoring these electrolytes during anti-EGFR therapy and up to 8 weeks after the end of treatment [74]. Other common adverse events during anti-EGFR treatment include diarrhea. As reported in a meta-analysis, an increase of 66% in the grade 3–4 diarrhea risk was observed when cetuximab or panitumumab are administered in association with chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone (RR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.52–1.80) [75]. A correct management of diarrhea should include hydration, electrolyte repletion, and antimotility agents as well as a patient education to the identification of severe diarrhea symptoms.