China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dyslipidemia
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
To reduce LDL, the statins are the treatment of choice. They greatly reduce cardiovascular disease and deaths. The statins inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase. This is an important enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol. The statins lead to LDL receptor up-regulation and more clearance of LDL. They reduce LDL by as much as 60% while causing small increases in HDL and moderate decreases in total triglycerides. The statins may decrease systemic inflammation, intra-arterial inflammation, or both. They do this by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide production. Other types of lipid-lowering drugs are not as effective as the statins for decreasing ASCVD. There are high, moderate, and low intensity statin regimens, based on the patient’s age and conditions. Statins are chosen based on comorbidities, other drugs being taken, intolerance to statins, risk factors for adverse outcomes, cost, and the preference of the patient.
Features of Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
An important matter in cholesterol metabolism is the presence of specific protein receptors for LDLP on the surface of membranes of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. With the aid of these receptors, the lipoprotein particles enter the lysosomes for decomposition. A biochemical reaction in the lysosomes yields unesterified cholesterol that has a multilateral effect on a cell. In particular, it suppresses the key enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-reductase regulating the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis. The functional activity of the receptors on the membranes of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells ensures the capture of LDLP by a cell, thus retaining the normal level of the LP. It is exactly the functional activity of an endothelial cell with an increased receptor-dependent capture of LDLP that creates conditions for the prevention of atherosclerosis. Prolonged hyperlipidemia disturbs the physicochemical characteristics of the endothelial membranes with the subsequent change of both the receptor apparatus and the enzymatic properties of the cells. After this, the excess of cholesterol in the blood causes damaging of the endothelial cells and the rapid development of atheromatous plaques [169, 347, 444, 454, 515].
Biosynthetic Pathway of Artemisinin
Published in Tariq Aftab, M. Naeem, M. Masroor, A. Khan, Artemisia annua, 2017
The mevalonic acid pathway (MVA) initiates from acetyl-CoA and is located in the cytosol. The key, regulatory, step in this pathway is the conversion of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG) to mevalonate via a regulatory enzyme, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR). Several subsequent steps lead to formation of the cytosolic-localized pool of IPP, which is used as a precursor for the synthesis of artemisinin (Towler and Weathers, 2007).
Diet and pravastatin administration prior to in vitro fertilization treatment may improve pregnancy outcome in women with dyslipidemia
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Hulusi Bulent Zeyneloglu, Yusuf Aytac Tohma, Emre Gunakan, Mehmet Ali Abasıyanık, Ceren Sozen, Gogsen Onalan
Statins also known as Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, work by inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol, were introduced to reproductive medicine to treat hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS, inhibiting ovarian theca-interstitial proliferation and steroidogenesis in vitro (Izquierdo et al. 2004) and, improving biochemical and inflammatory parameters clinically (Duleba et al. 2006). Statins have intrinsic antioxidant properties, decrease cholesterol and improve ovulatory functions (Banaszewska et al. 2011; Goodman et al. 2015). A recent pilot study showed that 40 mg pravastatin and /or 162 mg aspirin improved lipid levels and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese women in a randomised prospective trial (Flannagan et al. 2019)
The clinical evolution of lichen planus pemphigoides
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Mahmud Alkul, Jay Truitt, Michelle B. Tarbox
LPP’s prevalence is estimated at 1 per 1 million patients, and it usually occurs during the fourth or fifth decades of life with no sex predilection.2 LPP is usually idiopathic but has been reported with medication usage, hepatitis B infection, and malignancy, namely colonic adenocarcinoma. Pharmacovigilance data show that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are among the most common medications associated with the development of LPP.2
Effects of perioperative statins on patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2018
Baoxin Ma, Jingwu Sun, Shuling Diao, Bo Zheng, Hua Li
Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have recently assessed the effects of perioperative hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) on patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery. However, all these studies were relatively small, which might have reduced the statistical power. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to confirm the hypothesis that statins improve patient outcomes after noncardiac surgery.