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Miscarriages (Habitual and Unexplained Losses)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Folate and Vitamin B12: Hyperhomocysteinemia has been described as a risk factor for unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Increased levels of homocysteine may be due to inadequate dietary intake of folate and vitamin B12.4
Role of Vitamin D and Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Shilia Jacob Kurian, Ruby Benson, Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Mahadev Rao
Several researchers have studied the effects of these nutrients and antioxidants on cognitive outcomes. An American cohort study among 5,115 young adults who were followed up for 25 years reported that higher intake of vitamin B (B3, B6, B9, and B12) would enhance cognitive functioning. This is supported by the fact that vitamin B complexes are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. Elevated levels of homocysteine have been identified as a risk for dementia (Qin et al. 2017). On the contrary, some studies do not report a positive role of vitamin B on cognitive outcomes. On the other hand, the VITACOG study demonstrated that vitamin B improved cognitive outcomes in patients with normal omega fatty acid levels and reduced the rate of brain atrophy (Jerneren et al. 2015). The researchers believe that a cumulative effect from various nutrients may improve the outcome. Vitamin B is the most frequently studied nutrient compared to the others; therefore, more consistent results are available for vitamin B. In addition, a randomized controlled trial compared the effects of an over-the-counter available antioxidant with multivitamin preparation and reported that antioxidants have the potential to improve memory in the elderly (Summers et al. 2018).
Management of peripheral arterial disease in the elderly
Published in Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Michael W. Rich, Tresch and Aronow’s Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, 2019
Increased plasma homocysteine level is a risk factor for PAD (38–41). Reduction of increased plasma homocysteine levels can be achieved by administering a combination of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. However, we do not have double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled data showing that reduction of increased plasma homocysteine levels will reduce coronary events and slow progression of PAD in elderly persons with PAD.
Hyperhomocysteinemia in men and women of married couples with reproductive disorders. What is the difference?
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2023
Zoia Rossokha, Liliya Fishchuk, Liudmyla Vorobei, Nataliia Medvedieva, Olena Popova, Viktoriia Vershyhora, Larysa Sheyko, Ljudmila Brisevac, Dmytro Stroy, Nataliia Gorovenko
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy, E72.1) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease caused by variations (mutations) in folate metabolism genes, characterized by impaired methionine metabolism and accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood serum. Homocysteine is an essential, sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid formed during the metabolism of methionine and cysteine. In vitro, high levels of Hcy have been shown to cause oxidative damage and endothelial dysfunction, with increased platelet adhesion, deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall, activation of the coagulation cascade, disruption of the normal balance of redox reactions (Eldibany and Caprini 2007). HHcy can directly disrupt DNA methylation processes, leading to altered gene expression (Zhou et al. 2014).
A narrative review on the role of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and its associated gene polymorphisms in posing risk to preeclampsia
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2021
Sadia Mahmood, Hooria Younas, Amna Younus, Sammar Nathenial
A high level of homocysteine is linked to various factors, for example, genetic factors which instead code for the mutant enzymes of cycle or it could be due to deficiency of any nutrient in particular folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12. These precise factors help to clear homocysteine, so any problem in the mechanism that helps in clearing homocysteine can be an element for hypertensive pregnancy. It has been noted that preeclamptic women experience low levels of folate or vitamins require for metabolizing homocysteine as compare to ones having a healthy pregnancy. During pregnancy the requirement for folate and vitamin increases therefore its deficiency can adversely affect the metabolism of homocysteine (54,55,72–74). Genetic factors causative of high concentration of homocysteine has been elaborated in the following.
Concentrations of homocysteine in follicular fluid and embryo quality and oocyte maturity in infertile women: a prospective cohort
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Y. Razi, M. Eftekhar, F. Fesahat, R. Dehghani Firouzabadi, N. Razi, M. Sabour, M. H. Razi
The homocysteine level can be less than 7.1 μmol/L, between 7.1 and 9.9 μmol/L, and greater than 8.9 μmol. The association between FF homocysteine concentration and different variables, such as embryo quality, oocyte maturation (ratio of MII oocyte to total oocytes of each individual), age, BMI, fertilisation rate (ratio of fertilisation to MII oocyte), and embryo formation (ratio of the formed embryos to fertilised oocytes of each individual), was statistically analysed to evaluate the effect of FF homocysteine level on these factors. Regarding the association between FF homocysteine level and oocyte maturity rate, all patients were divided into two groups of total oocyte maturity rate more and less than 80%. The averaged FF levels of all patients with total maturity of more than 80% as well as less than 80% were calculated, as well. Then, the association between the average FF homocysteine levels and oocyte maturation was statistically assessed in all the patients. The embryos were classified into three groups of good quality embryos (A/B), poor quality embryos (C/D), and not formed embryos.