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Order Cirlivirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
In plants, the Ed Rybicki’s team transiently expressed the PCV-2 Cap in Nicotiana benthamiana via agroinfiltration, and the PCV-2 Cap was successfully purified using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation (Gunter et al. 2019). The Cap self-assembled into the VLPs resembling native virions, and up to 6.5 mg of VLPs could be purified from 1 kg of leaf wet mass. The mice immunized with the plant-produced PCV2 VLPs elicited specific antibody responses to the PCV2 Cap (Gunter et al. 2019). Park Y et al. (2021) reported the transient expression of the PCV2 Cap in N. benthamiana and purification of the His6 tag-provided PCV2 VLPs by affinity chromatography, with a yield of 102 mg from 1 kg plant leaves. In this case, the constructs were designed to direct expression of the Cap to either ER or chloroplasts, where one construct encoded the BiP signal peptide and the HDEL retention signal for accumulation of the Cap in the ER, with a His6 tag for affinity purification, while the other construct encoded an N-terminal rubisco transit peptide, for accumulation of the Cap in chloroplasts, again with the His6 tag (Park Y et al. 2021).
Dietary S. maltophilia induces supersized lipid droplets by enhancing lipogenesis and ER-LD contacts in C. elegans
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Kang Xie, Yangli Liu, Xixia Li, Hong Zhang, Shuyan Zhang, Ho Yi Mak, Pingsheng Liu
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary site where TAG is synthesized.51,52 Therefore, the effects of S. maltophilia feeding on the ER were investigated. We used two reporters, Phyp-7::TRAM-1::GFP (Fig. S5A and S5B) and Pvha-6::SEL-1(1–79)::mCherry::HDEL, to mark the ER membrane and lumen, respectively. After 2 days of S. maltophilia feeding, ring-shaped structures were observed in the hypodermis of the TRAM-1::GFP worms (Fig. S5C-5F). We also observed ER-wrapped LDs in the intestine of the mCherry::HDEL worms (Fig. S5G-5L). It is plausible that the remodeling of the ER morphology upon S. maltophilia feeding supports LD expansion.
Effects of L-arginine supplementation on biomarkers of glycemic control: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised clinical trials
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Elham Karimi, Elaheh Hatami, Abed Ghavami, Amir Hadi, Mina Darand, Gholamreza Askari
Table 1 provides a summary of the main features of qualified experiments. These studies were printed between 1997 and 2018. The design of all the involved trials was parallel, just one of them that was cross over (Lubec et al. 1997) and four articles were carried out in Italy (Piatti et al. 2001, Lucotti et al. 2006, 2009, Monti et al. 2012), four articles were accomplished in Iran (Pahlavani et al. 2014, Pourghasem Gargari et al. 2015, Dashtabi et al. 2016, Bahrami et al. 2019), two articles were done in Poland (Bogdanski et al. 2012, Suliburska et al. 2014) and other two trials were conducted in Austria and USA (Lubec et al. 1997, McNeal et al. 2018). Participant's age varied from 18 to 70 years and mean BMI varied from 20 to 40. Pahlavani's et al. (Pahlavani et al. 2014) was carried out solely on males, and Pourghasem Gargari's et al. (2015) work was solely on females, and one study was ambiguous (Lubec et al. 1997), while the other nine experiments were conducted on both men and women (Piatti et al. 2001, Lucotti et al. 2006, 2009, Bogdanski et al. 2012, Monti et al. 2012, Suliburska et al. 2014, Dashtabi et al. 2016, McNeal et al. 2018, Bahrami et al. 2019). L-arginine dose varied from 2 to 30 g/day, and intervention duration varied from 3 to 72 weeks. Participants were chosen from those with obesity and overweight (Bogdanski et al. 2012, Suliburska et al. 2014, Pourghasem Gargari et al. 2015, Dashtabi et al. 2016, McNeal et al. 2018), metabolic syndrome (Monti et al. 2012, Bahrami et al. 2019), diabetics (Lubec et al. 1997, Piatti et al. 2001, Lucotti et al. 2006) or healthy (Pahlavani et al. 2014) subjects. In the study by Pourghasem Gargari et al. (2015) there were three intervention groups (arginine + hypocaloric diet enriched with legumes (HDEL), arginine + HDEL + selenium, HDEL + selenium) and one control group (HDEL). We considered the result of the arginine + HDEL, and HDEL groups as one arm and the result of the arginine + HDEL + selenium and HDEL + selenium groups as another arm. Furthermore, Dashtabi et al (Dashtabi et al. 2016) and McNeal et al.(McNeal et al. 2018) included 2 different arginine doses in their trials (3 or 6 g/day) and (15 or 30 g/day), respectively; therefore, we considered these imputations as 2 different arms.