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Gene Transfer into Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Serguei Kisselev, Tatiana Seregina, Richard K. Burt, Charles J. Link
Another viral envelope is derived from vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). VSV-G pseudotyping has been employed as another family of pseudotyped retroviral vector systems. VSV-G pseudotyped murine retroviral vectors possess a number of advantages. The VSV-G envelope is more stable and permits vector concentration without significant loss of activity.60 Furthermore, VSV-G envelope possesses a tropism to some phospholipids (phosphadidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and GM3 ganglioside) and enters into target cells via endocytic pathway.61 Therefore, HSC do not require expression of a receptor protein for absorption and intracellular transportation of VSV-G pseudotyped vectors and could be transduced easily.62 The main disadvantage of VSV-G envelope is its direct toxicity when expressed during production of pseudotyped vectors in VPC.63
Nutraceutical’s Role in Proliferation and Prevention of Gynecological Cancers
Published in Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak, Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Aaishwarya B. Deshmukh, Jayvadan K. Patel, Bharat Mishra
The phenolic compound naringin changes GM3 ganglioside, thereby affecting the signaling of EGFR and resulting in the inhibition of HeLa [71]. Taxifolin from Siberian larch is shown to possess a synergistic effect when used with a diterpenoid lactone, andrographolide, against HeLa cells by diminishing protective autophagy induced by andrographolide, whereas it increases the mitochondrial outer-membrane permeability and also caspase-dependent and -independent cell death. Various studies have shown that Withaferin A, from Withania somnifera, given in vivo to athymic nude mice models (a murine strain bearing spontaneous deletion in the Foxn1 gene that causes deteriorated or absent thymus), reduced CaSki–HPV type 16 and 18 positive cervical tumor cell lines effectively [71].
Rotavirus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Lijuan Yuan, Tammy Bui, Ashwin Ramesh
HBGAs are not the only glycans that have been demonstrated to interact with rotavirus. VP8* also interacts with gangliosides in a strain-dependent manner.117 As stated previously, some animal strains do bind sialic acid as confirmed by their sensitivity to sialidases. These strains are able to bind the sialic acid found as a terminal moiety on the ganglioside GM3118,119 and as terminal and internal moieties on ganglioside GD1a.120 In contrast, sialidase-insensitive rotaviruses, which include most human strains, appear to interact with the ganglioside GM1a that lacks a terminal sialic acid.120 Of note, GM1a contains an internal sialic acid moiety that can interact with VP8*, and it is not affected by sialidases.
Targeting glyco-immune checkpoints for cancer therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Hypersialylation, in particular increased α2,6-sialylation, has been associated with several cancers and has been correlated with metastatic phenotype and poor prognosis [10]. Altered sialylation is often the results of dysregulated expression of sialyltransferases, whose transcription can be controlled by protooncogenes such as c-myc and ras, and hypoxia [33]. Indeed, altered expression of ST6Gal-I, which mediates α2,6-sialylation, has been reported in several malignancies, including colon, stomach, and ovarian cancer [34]. In line with these data, several studies in mice have shown that targeting sialic acids in vivo using sialidases or small molecules inhibiting sialic acid biosynthesis leads to increased immune cell activation and reduced tumor growth [35–37]. Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycolipids which have been reported as overexpressed in numerous cancers. In particular, GM3, GD3 and GD2 are abnormally expressed in several tumors including melanoma and neuroblastoma [38–41]. Recently, a number of studies have shown that Neu5Gc-containing GM3 gangliosides are a specific tumor marker in several cancers [26,28,42]. The increased Neu5Gc uptake within the tumor microenvironment (TME) was proposed to be at least partially dependent on hypoxia induced overexpression of the sialic acid transporter sialin [43,44].
Visual Function in Mice Lacking GM3 Synthase
Published in Current Eye Research, 2019
Miki Hiraoka, Ei Ohkawa, Akira Abe, Masaki Murata, Shinji Go, Jin-ichi Inokuchi, Hiroshi Ohguro
Gangliosides are a class of glycosphingolipids ubiquitously present in vertebrate plasma membranes. They are located in the outer leaflet of the cell membranes where they form microdomains and participate in transmembrane signaling and cell adhesion.1 It is known that gangliosides are abundant in the central nervous system, and essential for neural development.2 Among gangliosides, GM3 serves as a common precursor toward the formation of complex ganglioside species.3 Recent studies have shown some of the biological roles of GM3. For example, GM3 acts as an inducer for insulin resistance and is involved in the etiology of diabetes and obesity.4–6 Additionally, in the immune system, GM3 is essential for CD4+ T cell activation.7 In the auditory system, GM3 is necessary for the development of hair cells in the organ of Corti.8,9
Ceramide pathway: A novel approach to cancer chemotherapy
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Mahdi Mashhadi Akbar Boojar, Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar, Sepide Golmohammad
In accordance with the subject, it has been seen that in some regions of the brain during development, Ganglioside GM3 and GD3 were significantly more pronounced than other regions, which indicates their potential role in the development of the nervous system [45,46] .