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Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Polysaccharides compounds are also the potent group in it. The innate immune system is activated by the action of polysaccharides cytotoxic effect of mechanism. A compound sulfated L-fucose (a sulfated polysaccharides) also named Fucoidan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum has been used for the treatment of colon cancer. Heparin, a polysaccharide isolated from Dictyoperis delicatula (a seaweed source), also helps in the treatment of colon cancer. other polysaccharides compounds such as chondroitin-4-sulfate extracted from a sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa and chondroitin-6-sulfate extracted from a sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa have the potential anticancer effect (Sithranga Boopathy and Kathiresan, 2010).
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Fucoidans and fucans are polysaccharides, mainly constituted of sulfated L-fucose (27–28). Fucoidans are a type of homo-polysaccharide, mainly constituted of linked L-fucose with sulfate ester groups, while fucans are complex hetero-polysaccharides containing a majority of sulfated L-fucose, and a minority of other monosaccharides like sugar. Fucoidans are mainly found in the cell wall of brown algae, while fucans occur in echinoderms such as in the egg jelly coat of sea urchins and in the body wall of sea cucumber (27). Main pharmacological properties of fucoidans and fucans include: immune modulator, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and antithrombotic, anti-parasites (plasmodium, toxoplasma), anti-viral (influenza, cytomegalovirus, herpes), anti-cancer, liver and kidney protector (27–28). There is growing support for the role of fucoidan as an adjunct dietary therapy in cancer and inflammatory diseases (28). The detail roles of fucoidan are described in Chapter 5 of this book.
Fucosidosis
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
Fucose is a deoxysugar, an aldohexose in which the terminal CH2OH is replaced by a methyl group (Figure 95.1). It occurs in glycoproteins and glycolipids as a terminal oligosaccharide linked to galactose or N-acetylglucosamine (Figure 95.2). The degradation of glycoproteins takes place sequentially in the lysosomes. Fucosidosis is a glycoprotein storage disease in which patients have impaired degradation of fucose-containing glycoproteins.
What are the diagnostic capabilities of glycans for breast cancer?
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Fucosyltransferases (FUTs) catalyze the addition of fucose moieties to the ends of N-glycan and O-glycan structures, termed as terminal fucosylation, or to the core GlcNAc residue linked to Asn in N-glycan structures, termed as core-fucosylation, respectively. Changes of fucosylation in breast cancer have been noted for many decades. In 1971, Rosato et al. reported that higher concentrations of protein-bound fucose presented in serum of breast cancer patients [77]. Increasing evidence suggested that the altered of fucosylation plays an important role in breast cancer. Reported in one study, a decreased intensity of a bi-antennary-monosialylated N-glycan and an elevated intensity of a fucosylated tri-antennary-tri-asialylated N-glycan were observed in the advanced stages of breast cancer [59] and one monogalactosylated tri-antennary structure containing α1,3-linked fucose (A3FG3S3) showed a twofold increase in serum from breast cancer patients. Following pilot glycoproteomic study of advanced breast cancer serum highlighted several acute-phase proteins including α1-acid glycoprotein, α1-antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin β-chain as contributors to the increase in the glycan marker [78]. Kyselova et al. suggested that increased sialylation and fucosylation of glycans appeared to be used to diagnose the progression of breast cancer, based on the specific MS-based glycomic profile analysis on serum from different stages of breast cancer [24]. This information indicates specific glycans and glycoforms of proteins may be candidates for improved markers in the monitoring of breast cancer progression.
Identification of Allobaculum mucolyticum as a novel human intestinal mucin degrader
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Guus H. van Muijlwijk, Guido van Mierlo, Pascal W.T.C. Jansen, Michiel Vermeulen, Nancy M.C. Bleumink-Pluym, Noah W. Palm, Jos P.M. van Putten, Marcel R. de Zoete
The plasticity of the CAZyme expression in response to changes in the nutritional environment is also evident from our proteomics analysis. This reveals that A. mucolyticum produces a limited set of CAZymes in basal medium, that contains no source of glycans. Under this condition, which allows for minimal growth, four CAZymes were found to be significantly enriched in the conditioned medium as compared to the whole cell lysate. The four enzymes (Allo_589, 898, 1556 & 2010) are a putative α-fucosidase, a carbohydrate esterase, a β-galactosidase and a N-acetyl-β-galactosaminidase, respectively. Although the protein function and exact specificity of CAZymes are difficult to predict based on their amino acid sequence alone, the putative annotation suggests that under nutrient limited conditions A. mucolyticum is able to hydrolyze several host-associated glycans. For example, fucose is known to be abundant on mucin glycans, but also on glycans such as the Lewis antigens, which are known to play a role in regulating inflammation.21 The N-acetyl-β-galactosaminidase (GH123) could be involved in the degradation of glycospingholipids on the membranes of the intestinal epithelial cells.22
Comprehensive manipulation of glycosylation profiles across development scales
Published in mAbs, 2019
Sven Loebrich, Elisa Clark, Kristina Ladd, Stefani Takahashi, Anna Brousseau, Seth Kitchener, Robert Herbst, Thomas Ryll
Uridine was the most powerful modulator of G1F species, effecting a 9.8% increase over control at the highest tested concentration of 10.0 mM. The effects of uridine were widespread, with G1, G1F, G1F’, and G2F species being increased, and G0, G0F, and Man5 being diminished, all in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 2F). Similarly, addition of fucose also reduced Man5 species and increased G1F, although the observed effects are smaller than those from uridine feeding. Fucose administration shifted the balance of fucosylated and afucosylated species toward increased fucosylation, and led to a dose-dependent increase of G1F, G1F’, and G2F species, predominantly at the expense of Man5 and, to a lesser degree, G0 species (Figure 2G). Application of manganese reduced Man5 species and led to an increase in G1F, and G1F’, which saturated at concentrations above 1.0 µM (Figure 2H). The most selective of all tested additives was ManNAc, which affected solely G0F in a dose-dependent manner (53.16% ± 0.09 at 2 mM, 55.73% ± 0.09 at 10 mM, and 58.8% ± 0.48 at 20 mM, Figure 2I). We observed a minor decrease of Man5 species, but the effect saturated at concentrations above 10 mM. Lastly, both glycerol and NANA did not notably affect any of the nine profile aspects when tested at concentrations spanning at least one order of magnitude (0.1% (v/v) – 2.0% (v/v) for glycerol; 0.1 mM – 1.0 mM for NANA, Figure 2J and 2K, respectively).