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Behind the scenes of the forensic lab
Published in Rachel E. Lovell, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Sexual Assault Kits and Reforming the Response to Rape, 2023
Within these laboratories are forensic scientists who process cases and make decisions as to what gets tested and when. In order to become a forensic scientist in a lab, one must obtain the necessary background for a particular forensic discipline. Historically, forensic scientists were members of police departments dedicated to the testing of evidentiary items without explicit education requirements (Houck & Siegel, 2009). However, this is no longer the case, as the field of forensic science has advanced and specialized. Current forensic disciplines include forensic biology, latent fingerprints, firearms, and digital evidence. For the purposes of this chapter, we will focus on forensic biology as it is the most common testing type used in SAK testing. Forensic biology testing includes testing for the presence of biological fluid such as blood, semen, and saliva (Li et al., 2015). In order to become a DNA analyst, a forensic scientist must have a minimum of a BA/BS in biology, chemistry, or forensic science, and have taken coursework in statistics, population genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry (Li et al., 2015).
The Skull in Concrete: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Identification
Published in Heather M. Garvin, Natalie R. Langley, Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology, 2019
Kristen Hartnett-McCann, Ruth E. Kohlmeier
A portion of the mandible and one tooth were submitted to the Forensic Biology division of the County Crime Laboratory for nuclear DNA analysis. DNA from the tooth was extracted using the EZ1 DNA Investigator Kit. Quantitation of the DNA extracts was performed using the Quantifiler Duo Kit. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of short tandem repeats was performed using the Identifiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit, and the amplified DNA was analyzed with capillary electrophoresis. The bone sample was extracted and quantitated but no further analysis was conducted on this sample because positive results were already obtained from the tooth. The DNA profile from the tooth was entered into the local DNA database and submitted to the state and national DNA databases. There was a match between the tooth and another sample in the local CODIS database, which happened to be bone submitted from a 2009 case in the same county involving dismembered human remains discovered in a landfill. The 2009 case had been previously positively identified via DNA from a toothbrush of a 36-year-old male from Pakistan who had been missing since 2007.
Quantum technology a tool for sequencing of the ratio DSS/DNA modifications for the development of new DNA-binding proteins
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Kamel Meguellati
DNA sequencing is a technology used to determine the DNA sequences. The sequencing of these bases, including adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, is an important tool that has influenced the depth of biological and medical research worldwide [1]. The importance of DNA sequencing in various fields of basic and applied sciences including medical diagnosis, biotechnology, forensic biology, virology and biological systematics have made sequencing an important tool that have re-shaped the understanding of basic and applied sciences [2]. The techniques tend to aid in the diagnosis of different diseases with ease, thereby increasing the efficiency of the medical management of symptoms and best treatment methods [3]. The sequencing techniques also provide information regarding drugs efficiency, thus preventing adverse effects associated with the drug uses. Genomic sequencing increases the ability to prevent the outbreak of disease because genomic sequencing tends to provide genetic variant information that can lead to disease or can increase the risk of disease development [4]. DNA sequencing data is highly accurate because the procedure and data analysis are done to the highest standards of perfection and precision. The increase in the different techniques used in DNA sequencing has led to tremendous advancements in the DNA sequencing of complete DNA sequences or genomes of different species of organisms, including the human genome [5]. Currently, the methods used for DNA sequencing are costly and time-consuming; developing a low-cost, rapid DNA sequencing method will enable the maximum utilization of DNA sequencing in medicine and applied sciences [6].