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Epithelial Cells
Published in Bruce S. Bochner, Adhesion Molecules in Allergic Disease, 2020
Recently, entactin, a 150-kD glycoprotein component of basement membrane, was demonstrated to be produced by rat alveolar epithelial cells (115); it has the presumed function of facilitating basement membrane assembly by binding laminin and type IV collagen, as well as proteoglycans and fibronectin (116).
Developmental Aspects of the Alveolar Epithelium and the Pulmonary Surfactant System
Published in Jacques R. Bourbon, Pulmonary Surfactant: Biochemical, Functional, Regulatory, and Clinical Concepts, 2019
Jacques R. Bourbon, Caroline Fraslon
Cell adhesion proteins, especially laminin and fibronectin, are also implicated in these mechanisms. Type II pneumocytes strongly link to fibronectin, which could mediate their adherence to basement membrane.90 Fibronectin appears to stimulate DNA synthesis in isolated pneumocytes,91,92 whereas the culture on a laminin-rich matrix helps maintain a differentiated state and sustained surfactant synthesis.93–95 The possibility that other proteins such as entactin or nidogen could be implicated has not been explored.
Glycoconjugates of Odontogenic Cysts
Published in Roger M. Browne, Investigative Pathology of the Odontogenic Cysts, 2019
Nidogen,47,48 a smaller glycoprotein than laminin, appears to be an ubiquitous basement membrane component and occurs in a one to one ratio to laminin. Entactin49,50 appears to be related to nidogen and may even be the same molecule. The functions of these two molecules are unclear, but they may exert a structural organization on laminin. Nothing is known of these molecules in odontogenic cysts.
Zataria multiflora and its main ingredient, carvacrol, affect on the renal function, histopathological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters in adriamycin-induced nephrotic rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021
Reza Mohebbati, Mohammad Jalili-Nik, Hossein Saghi, Hamed Sadatfaraji, Mohammad Soukhtanloo
This study indicated that administration of ZM extract and CAR separately contributed to the improvement of nephropathy by enhancement in GFR (decrease of the serum creatinine concentration) and reduction of urine protein excretion. Different studies have shown that the pathogenesis of proteinuria is related to glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) and ZM and CAR protective mechanism may be through increasing the podocyte slit pore density, keeping the integrity of the glomerular basement membrane and suppressing oxidative stress-mediated glomerulopathy (Venkatesan 1998). Renal basement membrane plays a crucial role in the kidney function containing macromolecule including collagen IV, entactin/nidogen, sulfated proteoglycans, laminin sustaining the integrity of glomerular basement membrane.
Plasma concentration of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in boys with cryptorchidism and its lack of correlation with INSL3 and inhibin B
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2019
Ewa Matuszczak, Marta Diana Komarowska, Anna Sankiewicz, Łukasz Ołdak, Ewa Gorodkiewicz, Wojciech Debek, Robert Milewski, Marzena Tylicka, Adam Hermanowicz
MMPs are enzymes substantial to e.g. ‘embryonic development, morphogenesis, tissue remodeling and tumor cell invasion’ [7]. Most MMPs are synthesized as an inactive form [7,8]. Both active and inactive forms of MMP-2 can be found in Sertoli cells, its activation regulated by FSH requires MMP-1 and TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2) [7,9–11]. According to animal studies, spermatogonia and Sertoli cells attach to the basement membrane, consisting of collagen type IV, laminin, entactin and heparin sulfate proteoglycan [7,12]. In the seminiferous tubule – the site of the germination, the highest level of MMP-1 is reached before spermiation [7]. In short, according to Siu et al., ‘MMP-2, MMP-1 and TIMP-2 are working synergistically to regulate dynamics of the seminiferous epithelium’ [7]. Siu et al. postulate also that MMP-1 and/or MMP-2 cleave laminin γ3 generating active substances facilitating spermiation or movements of germ cells [7].
Differentiation of neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells on three-dimensional agar/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber scaffold
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Marzieh Ziloochi Kashani, Zohreh Bagher, Hamid Reza Asgari, Mohammad Najafi, Morteza Koruji, Fereshteh Mehraein
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are primitive diploid cells in the testes, have the potential for infinite self-renewal in the seminiferous tubules and generate differentiated germ cells that are committed to developing into sperm (Dym et al. 2009; Hermann et al. 2010; Yoshida 2010, 2012). Recent investigations have confirmed that neonatal SSCs possess pluripotency (Lim et al. 2013). Thus, these cells can efficaciously be used in fertility restoration (Hermann et al. 2012; de Michele et al. 2017), transgenic sperm production (Sato et al. 2013; Forbes et al. 2018) and cell-based organ regeneration therapy (Fagoonee et al. 2011; Barnes et al. 2016). SSCs of mammals lie within microenvironments, or niches, that are formed largely by the Sertoli cells, basement membrane, and seminiferous tubule interstitial cells (Shetty and Meistrich 2007; Khanehzad et al. 2016). While the somatic Sertoli cells provide the essential growth factors for the expansion of SSCs (e.g., basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)) (Kubota et al. 2004b; Koruji et al. 2009), interstitial and peritubular cells supply directing signals that are necessary for the localization of undifferentiated spermatogonia (Yoshida et al. 2007). Sertoli cells are also allegedly involved in the regulation of SSC differentiation in murine juvenile testes by providing retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) to spermatogonia (Mark et al. 2008; Boyer et al. 2012). Meanwhile, the basement membrane, which is mainly comprised of collagen IV, laminin, entactin, and perlecan, provides for anchorage (Shams et al. 2017). All in all, the testicular niche plays imperative roles in the maintenance, proliferation, self-renewal, expansion, and differentiation of SSCs (Kostereva and Hofmann 2008).