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Postimplantation diabetic embryopathy
Published in Moshe Hod, Lois G. Jovanovic, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Alberto de Leiva, Oded Langer, Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy, 2018
Ulf J. Eriksson, Parri Wentzel
Using an inbred Sprague Dawley strain (L) with about 20% skeletal malformations when the mother is diabetic and inbred Wistar Furth rats (no diabetes-inducible skeletal malformations), a global gene linkage analysis of the skeletal malformations was performed with microsatellites, a study that yielded strong coupling of the malformations to 7 regions on chromosomes 4, 10, 14, 18, and 19 and a weaker coupling to 14 other loci in the genome; altogether we found loci on 16 chromosomes. Searching for candidate genes within a distance of 10 cM from each microsatellite yielded 18 genes that had been implicated in previous studies of diabetic embryopathy. These genes were involved in embryonic development/morphogenesis (Map1b, Shh, Tgfb3, Vegfa, Dvl2, Nf1, Gsk3b, Gap43, Tgfbr3, Gdf1, Csf1r),308–314 regulation of DNA/RNA metabolism (En2, Brcc3, Tp53),192,308,315–317 regulation of apoptosis (Nol3, Bak1),308 and cellular metabolism (Folr1, Akr1b1).149,168,315
Is Engrailed-2 (EN2) a truly promising biomarker in prostate cancer detection?
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Joana Do Carmo Silva, Stepan Vesely, Vojtech Novak, Hana Luksanova, Richard Prusa, Marko Babjuk
To date, there are only few studies on the relation of urinary EN2 to PC and the last one was published in 2015 (Marszall et al.2015). The first experimental work published by Morgan et al. (2011) included 82 patients with PC and 102 controls. Urine samples without prior DRE or prostate massage were collected and analyzed by ELISA. EN2 was detected in 66% of PC patients and 12–15% of the controls. The mean concentration of EN2 was higher in the PC patient group and ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.80. No correlation with disease grading was found. A sensitivity of 66% and a near 90% specificity using a cut-off of 42.5ng/ml were reported, which arose interest in this marker. The following study published by Pandha et al. (2012) used a sample of 125 patients with clinically localized PC. Non-DRE urine samples were collected and analyzed by ELISA. A high level of EN2 was detected in 65–70% of the cohort, especially at more advanced tumour stages. A significant statistic relation with tumour volume was also found but no correlation with total prostatic mass, serum PSA or Gleason grading was demonstrated. This study included no control group.