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Principles of Radioiodination and Iodine-Labeled Tracers in Biomedical Investigation †
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
Mrinal K. Dewanjee, Shyam A. Rao
With a dialysis membrane of suitable porosity (Spectrapor® or AMICON® membrane), labeled protein of higher molecular weight can be separated from small molecules of free radioiodide by simple or high-pressure dialysis under nitrogen gas. Commercial dialysis tubing is cleansed of sulfur that contains impurities by boiling in EDTA-bicarbonate buffer and by repeated washings with distilled water. The mixture of labeled product and free radioiodide is poured into a dialysis tubing (1.5 cm wide × 15 cm long) knotted on two sides and is dialyzed for 2 to 4 hr against 0.05 M phosphate buffer in a commercial dialysis chamber, with constant stirring. Addition of anion exchange resin outside the dialysis chamber maintains a higher concentration gradient and accelerates the diffusion of free iodide. Labeling efficiency can be obtained by dividing the retentate by the total radioactivity added.
The Fatty Acid Perfused Isolated Working Heart
Published in John H. McNeill, Measurement of Cardiovascular Function, 2019
Rick L. Barr, Gary D. Lopaschuk
While the BSA is dissolving in solution, approximately 3 to 4 feet of Spec-tra/Por® (a registered trademark of Spectrum Medical Industries, Houston, TX) dialysis tubing (MW cut-off 6000 to 8000) is rolled up and placed in a small beaker (100 ml) of distilled water. This will allow the tubing to soften up. The dialysis tubing can be purchased from Fisher Scientific.
Inactivation of Superoxide Dismutase by Diethyldithiocarbamate
Published in Robert A. Greenwald, CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
The sodium salt of diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC), which is used to inactivate the SOD, is purchased from Sigma. In in vivo experiments, injections of mice are done with 1.0-mℓ plastic disposable syringes and 27-gauge needles from Becton-Dickinson. Dialysis tubing (0.7 in.) is from A. H. Thomas.
Gemcitabine cationic polymeric nanoparticles against ovarian cancer: formulation, characterization, and targeted drug delivery
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Sankha Bhattacharya, Md Meraj Anjum, Krishna Kumar Patel
Scattering was observed between freshly prepared polymeric nanoparticles in standard conditions and polymeric nanoparticles exposed to UV light (Figure 3(A)), indicating the formation of colloidal nanoparticles solution. The in vitro drug release profiling of the cationic polymeric nanoparticles is observed in Figure 3(B). Almost 72.99 ± 4.97% of drug releases were observed in CS-PSar-NPs loaded with GTB hydrochloride in 24 h. PSar-NPs loaded with GTB, however, show 88.97 ± 6.18% drug release, and PLL-PSar-NPs loaded with GTB hydrochloride show 82.29 ± 5.19% drug release. Similarly, CS-NPs indicate a 77.27 ± 4.89% release of drugs. During the process of GTB encapsulation within polymers, it was observed that drugs remain adsorbed onto the outer surface. Therefore, the initial burst effects and subsequent plateau can be seen. In this experiment, to maintain sink condition, dialysis tubing was utilized. However, these data need to be compared with cellular uptake and cytotoxic data.
Enhanced transdermal insulin basal release from silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels via iontophoresis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Phimchanok Sakunpongpitiporn, Witthawat Naeowong, Anuvat Sirivat
Silk cocoon (Bombyx Mori; 99.0%, grade B, diameters between 1.8 and 2.0 cm, Chul Thai Silk Co., Ltd) was used as the matrix starting material. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3; ≥ 99.8%, ACS grade, Riedel-de Haen) was used to extract sericin from SF. Calcium chloride (CaCl2; AR grade Ajax Finechem), ethanol (C2H5OH; AR grade, Burdick & Jackson), and de-ionized water were used in dissolving the degummed silk cocoon. Snakeskin dialysis tubing (Thermo Scientific, MWCO 3500) was used in the dialysis process. Insulin human (recombinant, expressed in yeast, Sigma Aldrich) was used as the model drug. Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3; ACS grade, Merck) was used to dissolve insulin. Sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O; 99.0%, Sigma Aldrich) and sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (Na2H2PO4·2H2O; 99.0%, Sigma Aldrich) were used in the preparation of the phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, pH of 5.5 and 7.4).
Polycaprolactone based pharmaceutical nanoemulsion loaded with acriflavine: optimization and in vivo burn wound healing activity
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Touseef Nawaz, Muhammad Iqbal, Barkat Ali Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Asif Nawaz, Akhtar Rasul, Waleed Y. Rizg, Abdulmajeed M. Jali, Rayan A. Ahmed, Awaji Y. Safhi
ACR-PCL-NE of 1 ml volume was added to a dialysis bag with a length of 4 cm. The dialysis bag or tubing is made up of regenerated cellulose, which is treated physically and chemically to boost its resistance (MWCO 8 0 00 -∼ 14,000 Da) (SERVA, Heidelberg, Germany) having a pore size of 25 Å (Khaleeq et al., 2020). Both ends of dialysis tubing were clipped using dialysis tubing closures (Merck, Germany). The dialysis bag was pendented in 25 mL PBS at pH 7.4 and maintained at 37 ± 1 °C. After burn wound, the pH of the skin disrupts, exposing the more neutral pH, i.e., 7.4 of the underlying tissue, therefore, release study was performed at neutral pH (Jones et al., 2015). The dispersion was rotated at 200 rpm in a shaker (GFL Shaker, LABOTEC, Germany). A sample of 1 ml was withdrawn from the outer phase with a time interval of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8,12, 16, 20, and 24 h and a fresh phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 was added back to the outer phase. Acriflavine concentration in a collected sample was determined using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) at 416 nm. A triplicate repetition was followed for all experiments (Din et al., 2019; Macedo et al., 2014; Krausz et al., 2015).