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Decidualization Resistance
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Irene Muñoz-Blat, Nerea Castillo-Marco, Teresa Cordero, Carlos Simón, Tamara Garrido-Gómez
In this context, in recurrent pregnancy loss, there is evidence of aberrant decidualization, but, in these cases, it is related to premature hESC senescence. Recently, it was hypothesized that the decidual response changes cycle by cycle during women's reproductive years, leaving evidence of cumulative effects of menstruations, miscarriages, and births. This could explain the epidemiology of sporadic and recurrent miscarriage. An increasing number of pregnancy losses may correlate with a lower capacity of the uterus to adapt (1). Recently, Lucas et al. correlated recurrent pregnancy loss with a pro-senescence decidual response during the peri-implantation window. Their single-cell transcriptomic analysis shows that decidualization is a multistep process that eventually leads to chronic senescence, which is a cellular state incompatible with decidua formation. An in vitro approximation suggests that decidual cells require recruitment of immune uNK cells to eliminate senescent decidual cells, avoiding the default pathway. The authors identified two biomarkers: high levels of iodothyronine deiodinase (DiO2) are positively correlated with the presence of these senescent cells, and high expression of the SCARA5 gene is associated with properties of hESCs (30).
Eicosanoids and Blastocyst Implantation
Published in Murray D. Mitchell, Eicosanoids in Reproduction, 2020
In many species in which invasive implantation occurs, changes in the endometrial stroma similar to those obtained in response to an implanting conceptus can be obtained in the absence of a conceptus if an appropriate stimulus is applied to the uterus at the time when implantation would normally occur.3,4 This uterine response, referred to as the decidual cell reaction or decidualization, has been used extensively as a model for the study of implantation.
Current Concepts of Implantation and Decidualization
Published in Gabor Huszar, The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Uterus in Pregnancy and Labor, 2020
Endometrial stromal cells of hormonally sensitized uteri undergo extensive morphological and physiological alterations in response to the attaching blastocyst.4,98,117 This results in transformation of fibroblast-like stroma to the decidual cells of the decidua (pregnancy). Transformation to these large, polyhedral, polygonal cells rich in glycogen and lipid begins at the point of TE attachment and spreads downward and laterally.118Stromal cell transformation may be mimicked in pseudopregnant and in ovar-iectomized animals by subjecting the hormonally sensitized endometrium to physical or chemical stimuli.98,117
Investigation of the embryo-toxicity of the antiviral drug “Ribavirin” in Wistar rats during different gestation periods
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Mohamed Magdy, Abd El Wahab El Ghareeb, Taha M. A. Eldebss, Heba Ali Abd El Rahman
These findings can be explained by the direct action of the parent compound or its metabolites via the active role of the placental transfer of compounds through the placental barrier. The direct action of a compound on embryonic tissues leads to cytotoxic effects and cell death [9] . ENT1 protein produced in placental microvillous membranes also appears to have a key role in ribavirin absorption [34] . Another factor limiting the development and growth of the embryo is the development of decidual cells. During pregnancy, the placenta develops fast for a brief period due to increased blood flow [9] . A decrease in viable fetuses’ frequency may occur due to incomplete placental development and deterioration of both the trophoblasts and decidual cells, which are essential for providing nutrients to the embryo, or early fetal loss and upsurge in the incidence of fetal resorption [35] . As a result, fetal weight loss may ensue from the suppression of DNA transcription during the early phases of embryonic development [36].
Fetal Genetic Diagnosis by Chorionic Villus Sampling: Evaluation of the Five-Year Experience from a Single Center
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Filiz Halici Öztürk, Fatma Doga Öcal, Seyit Ahmet Erol, Kadriye Yakut, Merve Öztürk, Yüksel Oguz, Esra Sükran Çakar, Sevki Celen, Ali Turhan Çaglar
CVS materials can be analyzed through a direct method or a culture method. The culture method represents the fetal karyotype more accurately than the direct method. However, decidual cells can grow in the culture and result in a potential for maternal cell contamination. In most cases, MCC can only be identified when a male fetus is present [29]. Previous studies reported that maternal cell contamination rate ranged from 1.7 to 3.8% [8–10]. In our laboratory, only long-term culture method is implemented for cytogenetic analysis. The study findings postulated that the rates for maternal cell contamination (1.4%) were slightly lower compared to the literature. MCC can be reduced by obtaining adequate amount of villous tissue, carefully separating it from any adherent decidua and using both direct and culture method [29].
Pyroptosis and inflammasomes in obstetrical and gynecological diseases
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Intraamniotic inflammation has been causally linked to preterm birth. The innate immune response required for successful implantation and placentation is regulated by the a2 isoform of V-ATPase and the concurrent infiltration of M1 and M2 macrophages in the uterus and placenta. Using toll-like receptor 2 agonist, peptidoglycan, and Toll-like receptor 3 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [53], the mouse model of gram-positive bacterial and viral infection-induced preterm delivery can be simulated. The artificially infected pregnant rats showed a significantly decreased expession of V-ATPase as well as an upregulated expression of inducible NO synthase in the placenta, uterus, and fetal membranes. This imbalance would further cause simultaneous activation of inordinate inflammatory processes among uterine decidual cells and spongiotrophoblasts [63]. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of caspase-1 were also increased in drug-induced endometriums [64]. As a result, the damaged trophoblast cells cannot develop and invade as required, thus, leading to preterm labor. On the contrary, when use omega-3 fatty acid to inhibit inflammasome activation in trophoblasts, preterm labor could be reduced [65], which marks the involvement of pyroptosis in intraamniotic inflammation induced preterm labor on the other hand.