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Genetics at the Cell Level
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Valentina Lorenzi, Roser Vento-Tormo
Other studies include atlasing of secondary female reproductive organs, such as the endometrium (Suryawanshi et al., 2018; Vento-Tormo et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018, 2020; Lucas et al., 2020) and the fallopian tube (Dinh et al., 2021; Hu et al., 2020). Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of endometrial biopsies across the menstrual cycle revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in the cellular composition of the tissue, with characteristic signatures for each cell type and phase of endometrial transformation (Suryawanshi et al., 2018; Vento-Tormo et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018, 2020; Lucas et al., 2020). The fallopian tube also undergoes structural changes in response to the menstrual cycle and is thought to harbor the cell-of-origin for many high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs). Droplet-based scRNA-seq of fallopian tubes from healthy individuals revealed the transcriptional programs underlying different epithelial cell populations (Dinh et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2020). Furthermore, computational deconvolution of HGSOCs based on the transcriptional signatures of the epithelial populations present in the healthy tissue revealed that early secretory epithelial cells from the fallopian tubes are likely to be the precursor state for many HGSOCs (Dinh et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2020).
Use of Luteal Phase Support
Published in Botros Rizk, Yakoub Khalaf, Controversies in Assisted Reproduction, 2020
Laura Melado, Barbara Lawrenz, Human Fatemi
After vaginal administration of progesterone, the serum levels are lower compared to intramuscular application and sometimes even lower than measured in a natural cycle. However, despite the low serum levels, adequate secretory endometrial transformation was achieved (Figure 8.5) (55). This suggests that vaginally administered progesterone exerts a direct local effect on the endometrium before entering the systemic circulation, the “first uterine pass” effect. The mechanism behind the first uterine pass effect is not fully understood, and different routes of action are discussed: absorption of progesterone into the rich venous or lymphatic vaginal system and/or possibly countercurrent transfer between uterovaginal lymph vessels or veins and arteries, direct drug diffusion through the tissues, or even due to intraluminal transfer from the uterus to the vagina similar to sperm transport. As the vaginal route is effective in providing sufficient luteal phase support and there are minimal side effects, it is a valuable and preferred route of progesterone administration (56).
Effects of endometrial preparations and transferred embryo types on pregnancy outcome from patients with advanced maternal age
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Jie Liu, Jie Zheng, Ya-lan Lei, Xiao-feng Wen
HRT: HRT was suitable for the patients with COS failure, irregular menstrual cycle, or endometrial thickness <7 mm during previous ovulation period. From the 3rd day of menstruation, patients took progynova (2 mg/d, Bayer Company, Germany) which was gradually increased every 4 days according to endometrial thickness until 12 mg/d. When transvaginal B-mode ultrasound showed that the endometrial thickness was more than 8 mm, progesterone (40–60 mg/d, Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Industry, Guangzhou, China) was intramuscularly injected in order to induce endometrial transformation to secretory phase. The day of progesterone administration was set as D0. Cleavage-stage embryos were thawed and transferred on D3 and blastocyst-stage embryos on D5.
Recurrent implantation failure versus recurrent implantation success: a preliminary study at proteomic level
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Jing Zhao, Jie Hao, Bin Xu, Yanping Li
Dominguez et al. [15] and his co- authors showed 32 proteins differentially expressed during the endometrial transformation, and only two cytoskeleton-related proteins, ANXA2 and STMN 1, were consistently up-regulated in the two experiments they conducted. Li et al. [20]identified a protein- Annexin A4, which was differentially expressed between the pre-receptive and receptive endometrium. while one proteomic analysis [21] showed the endometrial stromal cell proteome with different clinical phenotypes (RIF, recurrent pregnancy loss and normal fertile). In recent years, in order to explore the noninvasive testing for ER, some studies have analyzed the different protein composition of endometrial fluid aspirate [22–24].
Low serum progesterone the day prior to frozen embryo transfer of euploid embryos is associated with significant reduction in live birth rates
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019
S. Gaggiotti-Marre, F. Martinez, L. Coll, S. Garcia, M. Álvarez, M. Parriego, P. N. Barri, N. Polyzos, B. Coroleu
Artificial endometrial preparation is typically accomplished by the administration of estradiol (E2) supplementation and exogenous progesterone (P) in order to transform the endometrium into a secretory one, mimicking a natural cycle [2,3]. Despite the lack of a standard protocol for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) [4,5], the importance of progesterone for an adequate endometrial transformation, embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy remains unquestionable. A debate exists regarding the optimal duration [6] and dose [7] of P supplementation in relation to pregnancy rates and early pregnancy loss, in addition to the optimal serum P levels on the day of ET among women undergoing FET cycles [8–10].