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Medical Management for Rhinosinusitis
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Lysine aspirin, a soluble from, is used for diagnosis of aspirin sensitivity by nasal or bronchial challenge and topical nasal desensitization. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, topical lysine aspirin was associated with a reduction on cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, however, there was no significant clinical effect.36
Kv7 channel inhibition increases hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in endotoxemic mouse lungs
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2020
Maurizio Turzo, Fabian A. Spöhr, Lasitschka Felix, Markus A. Weigand, Cornelius J. Busch
Hypoxic ventilation increased pulmonary artery perfusion pressure and increased vascular resistance R0 in lungs of control mice at a constant flow. This is in line with Linehan et al,48 since R0 represents the pulmonary vascular resistance when vascular pressure approaches zero. This finding is also consistent with data from other studies investigating HPV in isolated perfused mouse,7,45 rat49 and pig lungs.50 Mice pretreated with endotoxin showed a loss of HPV, which was observed in previous studies.6,7,38 This effect has been attributed to NOS2 mediated increased pulmonary NO levels through endotoxin-induced inflammation and is dependent on activity of soluble guanylate cyclase.7,50,51 Another mechanism of endotoxin mediated decrease of HPV in mice has been shown for cysteinyl leukotrienes, this is in part cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1-dependent.52
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (cysLT1R) regulates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are a family of lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. The physiological functions of cysLTs are mediated by their two receptors: the type 1 and type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (cysLTR-1, -2) [9]. CysLTs such as LTD4 have been shown to be involved in the pathological development of various disorders, including asthma, atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease [10]. Interestingly, activation of cysLTR-1 and cysLTR-2 plays a pivotal role in pro-inflammatory reactions in diverse cells and tissues [11,12]. In the past decades, cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors have been extensively studied. Interestingly, montelukast, a potent and specific antagonist of cysLTR-1 was licensed by the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of bronchial asthma [13]. The therapeutic activity of montelukast is achieved through antagonism of cysLT1R. Increasing evidence has shown that montelukast possesses a wide range of anti-inflammatory abilities [14]. For example, montelukast exerted an anti-inflammatory action in type 2 helper CD4+ T-lymphocytes [15]. Additionally, administration of montelukast could reduce infarct volume and prevent behavioural impairments after stroke in mice and rats [16]. However, little information regarding the effects of cysLTs and montelukast in bone homeostasis has been reported before. In the present study, we set out to evaluate the pharmacological roles of montelukast on osteoclast differentiation and attempted to explore the molecular mechanisms.
Montelukast attenuates radioactive I131-induced pulmonary damage on rats
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Arif Osman Tokat, Aylin Akbulut, Deniz Billur, Gokhan Koca, Pinar Bayram, Serdar Kuru, Sezgin Karasu, Suheyla Aydogmus, Hüseyin Cakmak, Sengul Ozmert, Meliha Korkmaz
RAI-induced pulmonary damage is characterized by marked macrophage infiltration, interstitial edema and consequent fibrotic changes including alveolar septal wall thickening and perivascular fibrosis (Vergara et al. 1987), which usually presents as either radiation pneumonitis or radiation fibrosis, or both, and associated with proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Given that proinflammatory cytokines have an impact on response to radiation, inducing inflammation, cell invasiveness and fibrosis in irradiated tissues, the hypothesis of using specific inhibitors or drugs able to manipulate cytokine pathways (Di Maggio et al. 2015) such as montelukast, to improve radiation research and therapy have been the challenge. Montelukast, is a selective pharmacological antagonist of type 1 cysteinyl-leukotriene receptors (CysLT1R), with demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of asthma, and has been used safely for many years, even in pediatric patients, with few side effects. Recently, the effects of montelukast administration at an early stage have been shown to prevent pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycine-induced mouse model (Izumo et al. 2007).