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Hymenoptera allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Rafael I. Monsalve, Te Piao King, Miles Guralnick
Several venom allergens have partial sequence identity with other proteins from diverse sources, and this is summarized in Table 18.4. As an example, the sequence identities of three vespid antigen 5s, fire ant antigen 5, human and mouse testis proteins, human glioma protein, and proteins from tomato, nematode, and lizard, in their C-terminal 50-residue region are given in Figure 18.2. These proteins together belong to a protein superfamily known as CAP, the naming due to its main constituents: cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related proteins [25].
Andrological causes of recurrent implantation failure
Published in Efstratios M. Kolibianakis, Christos A. Venetis, Recurrent Implantation Failure, 2019
Chrisanthi Marakaki, Georgios A. Kanakis, Dimitrios G. Goulis
The cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) are mainly expressed in the male reproductive tract and have been implicated in many aspects of male germ-cell biology, involving haploid germ-cell development, epididymal maturation, capacitation, motility, and the actual processes of fertilization.36 Several lines of evidence suggest a role for CRISPs in the interaction between the sperm and the oocyte at fertilization.37 However, the exact role of each CRISP protein is still under investigation and their role in RIF remains to be elucidated.
Epigenetic and Assisted Reproduction Experimental Studies
Published in Cristina Camprubí, Joan Blanco, Epigenetics and Assisted Reproduction, 2018
Celia Corral-Vazquez, Ester Anton
Although most of these research studies focus in coding RNAs, an increasing interest in the role of sperm miRNAs has recently emerged based on the marked regulatory nature of these molecules. Comparative analyses between the transcriptome of fertile and infertile patients (asthenozoospermic and oligoasthenozoospermic) was performed by microarray, revealing the overexpression of certain miRNAs (50 in asthenozoospermic and 42 in oligoasthenozoospermic) and the downregulation of others (27 in asthenozoospermic and 44 in asthenozoospermic) (46). Five of these miRNAs (miR-34b*, miR-34b, miR-34c-5p, miR-429, and miR-122) were validated by qRT-PCR and proposed by the authors as a panel of fertility biomarkers (47). Another study compared the sperm miRNA expression levels between fertile and asthenozoospermic patients, and suggested miR-27b as a biomarker of low sperm motility. This miRNA directly regulates the expression of CRISP2 gene (cysteine-rich secretory protein 2), which is under expressed in asthenozoospermic patients (48). Moreover, Salas-Huetos et al. compared the miRNA profiles between fertile controls and individuals with asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, oligozoospermia, and infertile normozoospermia (22,49,50). In these groups of individuals, differential sperm miRNA profiles were associated with the specific fertility problems present in each population. Regarding the biomarker research for other reproductive pathologies, some authors have detected a differential expression of miR-15a in varicocele patients (51).
Production of bioactive recombinant ovine cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 in Escherichia coli
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2021
Kalpana Jorasia, Rajani Kr. Paul, N. S. Rathore, Pyare Lal, R. Singh, Meenaxi Sareen
Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) are a subgroup of CRISP, antigen 5, pathogenesis-related protein 1 (CAP) super-family, characterized by the presence of N-terminal CAP domain (21 kDa) that contains six conserved cysteine residues, and the C-terminal CRISP domain (6 kDa) that contains 10 conserved cysteine residues (Gibbs et al. 2008). These are acidic glycoproteins of epididymal origin and are reported to bind to the sperm surface. In vitro studies have revealed that CRISP-1 prevents protein tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction reversibly, and its disassociation from the sperm surface was required for inducing capacitation (Roberts et al. 2003). However, a part of the protein remains on spermatozoa after capacitation, localized in the equatorial segment of sperm, and is involved in gamete fusion (Cohen et al. 2000; Busso et al. 2007). The observations of several studies have suggested that CRISP-1 is a multi-functional protein playing different roles during fertilization through various associations with and localization on spermatozoa (Cohen et al. 2013).
Genetic aspects of idiopathic asthenozoospermia as a cause of male infertility
Published in Human Fertility, 2020
Zohreh Heidary, Kioomars Saliminejad, Majid Zaki-Dizaji, Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
CRISP2 (Cysteine-rich secretory protein 2) gene is closely associated with spermatogenesis and infertility (Zhou et al., 2017). The analysis of abnormal expression of CRISP2 in knockout mice showed defects in fertility and fertilization (Brukman et al., 2016). Down-regulation of CRISP2 in the spermatozoa of patients with AZS was correlated with low sperm motility and infertility (Zhou et al., 2014). CRISP2 is an important sperm protein that modulates sperm flagellar motility and is involved in sperm–egg fusion (Harper, Barratt, & Publicover, 2004). CRISP2 is a component of the sperm acrosome and the outer dense fibres of the sperm tail (Nimlamool, Bean, & Lowe-Krentz, 2013). CRISP2 protein is less abundant in the spermatozoa of patients with ATZ and down-regulation of CRISP2 is likely influenced by translational repression of CRISP2 mRNA by miR-27a (Zhou et al., 2017).
Update on the proteomics of male infertility: A systematic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam, Ashok Agarwal
Nuclear DNA damage to the spermatozoa affects the fertilisation process due to alteration in the sperm proteome. Intasqui et al. [63] reported 23 and 71 overexpressed proteins in spermatozoa with high and low DNA damage, respectively. Overexpression of proteins had an impact on the triacylglycerol metabolism, energy production, protein folding, response to unfolded proteins, and cellular detoxification process. Certain proteins such as solute carrier family 2 member 14 (SLC2A14), phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2), outer dense fibre of sperm tails 1 (ODF1), CLU, voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2), VDAC3, zona pellucida binding protein 2 (ZPBP2), and gastricsin (PGC) were identified as potential biomarkers. However, only nine and 21 proteins in the seminal plasma were differentially expressed in samples with low and high sperm DNA fragmentation, respectively [64]. Cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain-containing 1 (CRISPLD1), CRISPLD2, and retinoic acid receptor responder protein 1 (RARRES1) were identified as seminal plasma biomarkers and proteasome subunit α type A signalling was hyper-regulated affecting sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and capacitation [65,66].