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Renal diseases in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Cystatin C is a low–molecular weight (MW) protein, which has been recently studied in the general population in an attempt to find a better endogenous marker that could be used for more accurate estimation of GFR (17). Studies have found that while serum creatinine levels decrease in pregnancy, cystatin C levels were higher for pregnant women as compared with healthy nonpregnant women (18) and also significantly higher in twin as compared with singleton pregnancies (18). Cystatin C levels increase during pregnancy in relationship to gestational age, being highest in the third trimester (19). Its actual role in pregnancy is very interesting, as cystatin C is a member of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors. Proteinases and their inhibitors regulate the trophoblast invasion, and the serum concentration of cystatin C has been found in several studies to be increased not only in late pregnancy but also in pre-eclampsia (18–20). Based on the available data, it is unlikely that cystatin C will have any utility in monitoring kidney function in pregnancy but might prove useful in the early detection of patients who will develop pre-eclampsia (21).
Extrahepatic Synthesis of Acute Phase Proteins
Published in Andrzej Mackiewicz, Irving Kushner, Heinz Baumann, Acute Phase Proteins, 2020
Gerhard Schreiber, Angela R. Aldred
Cystatin C is the extracellular brain protein with the highest ratio of the concentration in cerebrospinal fluid over that in blood plasma (for data on the human, see Reference 107). The primary structure of the cDNA has been reported for human cystatin C.108 Oligonucleotide probes were synthesized based on the sequence of human cystatin C cDNA and found to cross-hybridize with the corresponding mRNA in the rat.109,110 In the rat, the tissue with the highest cystatin C mRNA level was found to be the choroid plexus.109 Cystatin C mRNA was also detected in lower levels in other areas of the brain, in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, ovary, submandibular gland, and, in trace amounts, in liver.109 Choroid plexus pieces incubated with radioactive leucine secreted radioactive cystatin C.109 Possibly, the function of cystatin C is the inhibition of extracellular proteinases, such as those released from destroyed or dying cells. Thus, cystatin C could be important in maintaining the integrity of cell-surface proteins in the brain. The presence of large numbers of lysosomes, cell organelles rich in proteinases, has been described for neuronal cells.111
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Joana Jesus Ribeiro, Filipe Palavra, Flávio Reis
Also, assessment of blood pressure, because of increased risk of secondary hypertension, and renal function, through glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using creatinine equations for adults and children, or alternatively, measurement of serum cystatin C concentration, are important [86].
Expression of urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p and miRNA-3147 in diabetic kidney disease and their association with inflammation and fibrosis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Jiaxin Wang, Yiying Tao, Fan Zhao, Tong Liu, Xiahong Shen, Ling Zhou
As a traditional inflammatory indicator, Cystatin C not only reflects the degree of renal damage but is also one of the important indicators of the micro-inflammatory state in DKD patients [46]. Cystatin C is a low molecular weight protein (13KD) produced by all nucleated human cells and is primarily catabolized by proximal tubular cells [47]. As an endogenous inhibitor of cysteine protein, it is not affected by age, gender, muscle mass, or protein intake [48]. However, studies [46] have shown that serum Cystatin C is positively correlated with the micro-inflammatory state of DKD and related inflammatory factors. Cystatin C is not only correlated with eGFR and other indicators of renal function damage but also in evaluating the degree and progression of inflammatory response in the course of DKD. The present study provided evidence that the expression level of urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p correlated with serum Cystatin C, so urinary exosomal miRNA-615-3p might be useful as a marker of the inflammatory response and the progression of kidney damage in DKD.
Manganese mitigates against hepatorenal oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase-3 activation in rats exposed to hexachlorobenzene
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Abiola S. Tijani, Olori O. David, Ebenezer O. Farombi
Serum creatinine, cystatin-c, urea, uric acid and electrolytes are often used as indices for evaluating kidney function to ascertain kidney injury (Mahgoub et al. 2017, Zhang et al. 2018). Creatinine, urea and uric acid are normal metabolic waste products excreted by the kidneys. Cystatin-c with blood urea and creatinine is used to assess renal function and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (Al-Kuraishy et al. 2019). Acute nephrotoxicity has been linked to electrolyte disturbances and dehydration. Considerable serum elevation of Na+, K+, HCO3−, and Cl− levels is of toxicological implication and may denote a consequence on the ion-dependent processes. Thus, the significant increases in these kidney function indices in rats administered with HCB alone suggest kidney’s excretory dysfunction, reduction of GFR and glomerular filtration (Health Council of the Netherlands 2011, Odden et al. 2014, Zhang et al. 2018). The reduced levels of these kidney function indices in HCB and Mn co-treated rats revealed the ameliorating effect of Mn on HCB-induced renal toxicity.
Pulicaria crispa mitigates nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats via regulation oxidative, inflammatory, tubular and glomerular indices
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Wessam M. Aziz, Manal A. Hamed, Howaida I. Abd-Alla, Samia A. Ahmed
Cystatin C (Cys-C) is one of the glomerular biomarkers that detected in serum and considered as a useful marker for glomerular filtration rate efficiency (Filler et al. 2005, Ghys et al. 2014). Prozialeck et al. (2016) recorded an increase in Cys-C level in rats kidney tissues intoxicated with cadmium. This result is in a line with the current study that showed significant increase in Cys-C in kidney tissue in CCl4- intoxicated rats. Our results confirmed the therapeutic role of P. crispa extract in ameliorating the tubular biomarkers (NAG and KIM-1) and glomerular biomarker (Cys- C) levels. In line with our observations, the work of many researchers have focussed on the effect of plants contain flavonoids and terpenes, the same classes of compounds detected in P. crispa, for attenuating the nephrotoxicity biomarkers (Shin et al.2015, Gheith and El-Mahmoudy 2018). In addition, Daradka et al. (2020) postulated the role of P. crispa as antioxidant for ameliorating nephrotoxicity due to the presences of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids. Moreover, (Abd-Alla 2004) reported the isolation of five flavonoids (kaempferol, axillarin, quercetin, kaempferol-3-O-methyl ether and quercetin-3-O-methyl ether) from P. crispa aerial parts. These flavonoids are well-known antioxidant, exhibiting free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities.