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Serological (in vitro) and component testing methods in the diagnosis of human allergic disease
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
There are two categories of laboratory tests offered for the diagnosis of allergic disease for which there is no evidence of diagnostic validity [1,76,77]. The first group includes procedures that possess an obscure theoretical basis, and they suffer from poor reproducibility and an absence of technical and clinical validation that is needed to justify their use. Among these tests are bioresonance, electroacupuncture, iridology, hair analysis, applied kinesiology, and the antigen leukocyte antibody test (ALCAT). The ALCAT involves pipetting a drop of white blood cell rich buffy coat or whole blood onto an unstained glass slide that has been precoated with a dried allergen extract. Changes in cell morphology such as increases in the white blood cell diameter, vacuolation, or crenation are used as an indication of a positive test and evidence of allergy to the food. The ALCAT is currently marketed by Cell Science Systems (Deerfield Beach, Florida), which now sells an automated liquid handling system (ROBOCat II) that employs electronic particle counting and sizing to examine changes in electrical resistance, which occur by a blood cell that is suspended in a conductive liquid as it transverses a small aperture. Reports state that the ALCAT is not supported by research, is not a reliable medical diagnostic test, and is not a suitable guide for therapeutic decisions [76,77].
Haematology
Published in Michael McGhee, A Guide to Laboratory Investigations, 2019
Crenation occurs: in hypothyroidismas an artefactin the elderly.
Serological (In Vitro) Testing Methods in the Diagnosis of Human Allergic Disease
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2014
There are two categories of laboratory tests offered for the diagnosis of allergic disease for which there is no evidence of diagnostic validity [1,59,60]. The first group includes procedures that possess an obscure theoretical basis and they suffer from poor reproducibility and an absence of technical and clinical validation that is needed to justify their use. Among these tests are bioresonance, electroacupuncture, iridology, hair analysis, applied kinesiology, and the antigen leukocyte antibody test (ALCAT) test. The ALCAT involves pipetting a drop of white blood cell–rich buffy coat or whole blood onto an unstained glass slide that has been precoated with a dried allergen extract. Changes in cell morphology such as increases in the white blood cell diameter, vacuolation, or crenation are used as an indication of a positive test and evidence of allergy to the food. The ALCAT is currently marketed by Cell Science Systems of Deerfield Beach, Florida, which now sells an automated liquid handling system (ROBOCat II) that employs electronic particle counting and sizing to examine changes in electrical resistance that occurs due to a blood cell that is suspended in a conductive liquid as it transverses a small aperture. Multiple reports state that the ALCAT test is not supported by research, is not a reliable medical diagnostic test, and it is not a suitable guide for therapeutic decisions [59,60].
Critical review of renal tubule karyomegaly in non-clinical safety evaluation studies and its significance for human risk assessment
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Nuclear atypia has been recorded as a consistent feature in kidneys from human patients succumbing to single high-dose, or repeated low-dose, anti-cancer cisplatin chemotherapy. The nuclear atypia associated with cisplatin therapy in humans included hyperchromasia, enlargement, pleomorphism, crenation and indentation, affecting mainly the collecting ducts and to a lesser extent, the distal convoluted tubules in each case (Gonzalez-Vitale et al. 1977; Dentino et al. 1978; Tanaka et al. 1986). The term karyomegaly was not used by the authors, although occasional “giant” nuclei were reported in four patients surviving 2 to 4 weeks after cisplatin therapy by Gonzalez-Vitale et al. (1977). Moreover, the illustrations of the affected nuclei in these papers showed only modest nuclear enlargement.
Clot activators and anticoagulant additives for blood collection. A critical review on behalf of COLABIOCLI WG-PRE-LATAM
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2021
G. Lima-Oliveira, L. M. Brennan-Bourdon, B. Varela, M. E. Arredondo, E. Aranda, S. Flores, P. Ochoa
Oxalate impacts erythrocyte metabolism by inhibiting pyruvate kinase without affecting glycolytic activity [110]. However, because potassium oxalate causes erythrocyte shrinkage and crenation, ammonium oxalate is also employed [111]. To balance the effects on the erythrocyte membrane, a solution of potassium oxalate/ammonium oxalate 2:3 is used; however this still causes alterations of leukocyte morphology [112]. An additional point is that this anticoagulant must be treated with caution as it is poisonous [113].