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Aetiology and Laboratory Diagnosis
Published in Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis, Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis
Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata is one of the most common yeast species to be found on the body surface and is often isolated as an incidental finding from skin and urine. It has been implicated as an ‘opportunistic’ cause of both superficial and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, and it has been isolated from patients with septicaemia, pyelonephritis, pulmonary infections, endocarditis and hyperalimentation. The incidence of Candida glabrata has doubled over the last 5 years and it now accounts for 8–10% of yeast infections.
The Pharmacist Role in Antimicrobial Stewardship and Interpreting Microbiology Laboratory Results
Published in Nancy Khardori, Bench to Bedside, 2018
Stephanie Crosby, Mark DeAngelo, Nancy Khardori
Another clue that the microbiology laboratory can provide is the speciation of the microorganism, in the absence of susceptibility testing. This is particularly helpful with microorganisms that have inherent mechanisms of resistance. For example, if the laboratory reports a Candida species is growing in the blood, typically fluconazole is started. If that species isolated is Candida glabrata, the pharmacist can recommend a change from fluconazole to micafungin, as C. glabrata has inherent resistance to azoles. In vitro susceptibility testing is not done routinely for fungal organisms, but understanding inherent resistance patterns will enable the pharmacist to recommend appropriate intervention.
Topical Azoles
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Joanne L. Sharp, Michael A. Pfaller
In a comparative trial, flutrimazole 1% cream was more effective than bifonazole 1% cream (73% vs. 65%, respectively) each used once daily, in the treatment of dermatophytosis, cutaneous candidiasis, and pityriasis versicolor (Alomar et al., 1995). Flutrimazole showed a significant association between Candida glabrata and treatment failure and also carrier state, suggesting that flutrimazole may not be optimal for treating vulvovaginitis due to this species (del Palacio et al., 2000).
Fungal Endogenous Endophthalmitis during Pregnancy as a Complication of In-Vitro Fertilization
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Murat Hasanreisoglu, Sarakshi Mahajan, Huseyin Baran Ozdemir, Pinar Cakar Ozdal, M. Sohail Halim, Muhammad Hassan, Quan Dong Nguyen
During pregnancy, FEE is very rare.3 Patients with FEE generally have one or more risk factors such as recent hospitalization, surgery, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, etc., that increase the risk of fungemia.2 Price et al. reported that intraocular involvement has found in 9.5% of hospitalized patients with fungemia.6 The most common isolated organism is Candida albicans.7 Although systemic candidemia caused by Candida albicans after IVF has never been reported before, there are some cases of candidemia with Candida glabrata.8 To our understanding, Candida albicans passed into the systemic circulation from the vaginal flora during IVF procedures and lead to ophthalmic manifestation.9 FEE caused by Candida albicans can manifest as progressive panuveitis. It is very important for the ophthalmologists to identify endogenous endophthalmitis and differentiate it from noninfectious uveitis. Our patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids owing to misdiagnosis which led to exacerbation of the clinical picture. Any minor genito-urinary procedure, now including IVF, should be kept in my mind as a potential risk factor.
Microbial Analysis of Donor Corneoscleral Rims and Storage Media
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2019
Edmund Tsui, Preston M. Luong, Jessa Fogel, Erin S. Fogel, Michael E. Zegans
Sixty-six Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (EK) and 18 penetrating keratoplasty procedures were performed during the study period. Pre-cut tissue was utilized for all lamellar transplants. Cultures from donor rims and storage media, storage times, clinical courses, and interventions are described in Table 1. Five of 84 grafts (5.95%) had positive bacteria donor rim cultures. Fungal rim cultures were positive in 5/84 grafts (5.95%) of which two grew Candida spp. Storage medium bacterial cultures were positive in 2/84 (2.4%) cultures. Storage medium fungal cultures were positive in 1/84 (1.2%) cultures. Donor rim and storage medium cultures were both positive for Candida glabrata in one patient who was empirically treated with topical and oral antifungals. No patients developed any evidence of clinical infection.
Novel 2-indolinones containing a sulfonamide moiety as selective inhibitors of candida β-carbonic anhydrase enzyme
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Atilla Akdemir, Andrea Angeli, Füsun Göktaş, Pınar Eraslan Elma, Nilgün Karalı, Claudiu T. Supuran
Candida species are yeasts that normally live on human skin, mucous membranes, and the gastrointestinal tract without causing infections. However, in immunocompromised patients these microorganisms can cause fungal infections of the mouth or throat, mucous membranes or vagina (candidiadis) or it may enter the blood stream to cause more serious candidemia1,2. While many Candida species such as are responsible for these infections, Candida glabrata infections are becoming more frequent3. The development of drug resistance against the clinically used antifungals is a very important medical problem. Compared to other Candida strains, C. glabrata infections are more difficult to treat because of the rapid development of drug resistance against many classical antifungal agents4,5. The C. glabrata Carbonic Anhydrase CgNce103 enzyme may constitute a novel target for new classes of antifungals.