China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Therapy
Published in Sherry X. Yang, Janet E. Dancey, Handbook of Therapeutic Biomarkers in Cancer, 2021
Joaquina Baranda, Stafinur Atay, Andrew K. Godwin
During the biogenesis of exosomes, a variety of molecules are incorporated into the membrane and lumen of these vesicles. In fact, exosomes carry arrays of lipids, glycoproteins, genetic material (DNA, RNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), miRNA, and retrotransposons), offering a very diversified and dynamic representation of the cellular state of the secreting parental cells. Although similarities exist, the composition of exosomes can be different from the cells of their origin due to the differential sorting of cargos such as enrichment in specific lipids, such as sphingomyelin, cholesterol, phosphatidylserine, and saturated fatty acids, as well as proteins involved in their biogenesis pathway and secretion, i.e., proteins involved in MVB formation (Annexins, RAB family GTPases), ESCRT complex proteins (tumor suppressor gene-TSG101, Alix), numerous tetraspanins (CD81, CD63, CD82, CD9) [190, 191], and heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70, HSP90) [192–194] (Fig. 9.4) and tumor specific antigens and receptors such as EGFRvIII (e.g., in glioblastomas).
Chemical Causes of Cancer
Published in Peter G. Shields, Cancer Risk Assessment, 2005
Gary M. Williams, Alan M. Jeffrey
Each type of malignancy has a specific pattern of metastasis which is determined both by lymphatic and blood drainage from the tumor, and also by factors produced by disseminated cells allowing them to establish metastases (157,158). Genes regulating metastasis of tumor cells have been categorized as either metastasis-promoting (CDH2, CXCRy, MTA1) or metastasis-suppressing (CD9, CD44, Nm 23, KiSS1, Ka11/CD82, CDH1,MAP2K4, MKK4, TIMP, and BRMS1) (159). Several of these (CD9,CD44, and CD82) code for transmembrane proteins. One possible mechanism for metastasis inhibition is the maintenance of gap junction intracellu-lar communication (160).
Tetraspanin CD82 interaction with cholesterol promotes extracellular vesicle–mediated release of ezrin to inhibit tumour cell movement
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2020
Chao Huang, Franklin A. Hays, James J. Tomasek, Siribhinya Benyajati, Xin A. Zhang
Sequences of CD82 and other tetraspanins from different species were aligned. CRAC motifs were identified by analysing amino sequences within transmembrane domains of CD82 and other tetraspanins. The consensus sequences of CRAC, CARC, CRAC-like and CARC-like motifs were described as -[L/V]-[X](1–5)-[Y]-[X](1–5)-[R/K]-, [R/K]-[X](1–5)-[Y]-[X](1–5)-[L/V], -[L/V]-[X](1–5)-[F]-[X](1–5)-[R/K]- and [R/K]-[X](1–5)-[F]-[X](1–5)-[L/V], respectively, where (X)(1–5) represents one to five residues of any amino acid [20].