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T Cells:Regulation and Cellular Immunity
Published in Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla, Textbook of Immunology, 2019
Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla
All T cells express CD2, also called LFA-2 (leukocyte function-associated antigen 2). This 50–55 kDa adhesion molecule also interacts with sheep erythrocytes, and the “rosetting” of T cells with sheep red blood cells was formerly used as a means of distinguishing T cells from B cells. The ligand for this molecule is CD58, (LFA-3). CD58 is expressed on antigen presenting cells and B cells. The CD2-CD58 interaction both serves to increase intercellular adhesion, and to transduce an activating signal to the T cell. Anti-CD2 antibodies can induce resting T cells to begin cycling.
Cell-mediated immunity
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
José C. Crispín, Gabriel Virella
Activation of a T lymphocyte requires a close and prolonged interaction with an APC. For this to occur, the natural electrostatic repulsions between two cell membranes must be overcome. The interaction between the TCR and the MHC-peptide is not sufficient to keep the cells together, so other molecular interactions between the cells are required to stabilize their contact. Adhesion molecules fulfill this requirement. Two sets of adhesion molecules (CD2/CD58 and LFA-1/ICAM-1) play a primary role in T lymphocyte–APC adhesion. CD2 molecules, expressed by essentially all T lymphocytes, bind to CD58 (LFA-3) molecules expressed by most cells. The initial interaction between the MHC-peptide complex and the TCR causes a conformational change on the CD2 molecule that increases its affinity for CD58 on the APC. In addition to its role in stabilizing cell-cell contact, the interaction between CD2 and CD58 delivers an activating signal to the T lymphocyte.
Association of CD58 Polymorphisms and its Protein Expression with the Development and Prognosis of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2020
Mayu Yamamoto, Mikio Watanabe, Naoya Inoue, Ayano Watanabe, Haruka Ozaki, Mizuki Ohsaki, Yoh Hidaka, Yoshinori Iwatani
CD58, also known as lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), is one of the costimulatory molecules abundantly expressed in APCs, in particular macrophages (Barbosa, 1986). The physiological ligand of the CD58 molecule is the CD2 (LFA-2) molecule (Selvaraj et al. 1987), which is expressed in all peripheral T lymphocytes, 95% of thymocytes and the majority of NK cells (Davis and van der Merwe 1996). It has been known that the ligation of CD2 to CD58 can contribute to T cell activation through the enhancement of adhesion between T cells and APCs or target cells (Davis and van der Merwe 1996; Wang et al. 1999). In addition, expression of CD58 mRNA is reported to be higher during clinical remission in patients with another autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS) (De Jager et al. 2009). Increased CD58 expression in regulatory T cells upregulates the expression of Foxp3 through the engagement of CD2, enhancing the function of regulatory T cells (De Jager et al. 2009). These features suggest that the CD58-mediated pathway may play important roles in regulatory T cell activity. Therefore, we expected that the low CD58 expression may be associated with the susceptibility and prognosis of AITD.