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Inflammation and Infection
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Judith Hall, Christopher K. Harding
Display pathogen activated receptors and CD48 receptor.Receptors bind to UPEC FimH adhesion protein.
T Cells:Regulation and Cellular Immunity
Published in Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla, Textbook of Immunology, 2019
Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla
It is clear that αβ T cells and γδ T cells recognize antigens differently, but little is known concerning details of γδ specificity. Some studies have shown recognition of intact tetanus toxoid or heat shock proteins, as well as small carbohydrate, lipid or peptide antigens by γδ cells. Other studies have demonstrated recognition of peptide fragments complexed with MHC class I or II molecules, just as with αβ T cells. Yet others have reported interactions of γδ cells with MHC class I-like molecules such as the TL antigens (see Chapter 8), or CD 1 c. The surface molecule CD48 (Tcell target antigen) may be required for antigen recognition by some γδ cells, or may bind to an activating surface molecule of these cells. Some speculate that mostγδ cells recognize antigens associated with non-polymorphic molecules distinct from MHC proteins. A large fraction of γδ cells respond to mycobacterial antigens, and a significant proportion of these cells may be responding to mycobacterial stress proteins (see Chapter 12). The stress proteins may activate γδ cells by a superantigen mechanism (see below).
Monocyte and lymphocyte membrane markers: Ontogeny and clinical significance
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Scott Sugden, Damien Montamat-Sicotte, Karen K. Yam, Joseph Murphy, Bader Yassine Diab, Virginia Litwin
CD244 (NK receptor 2B4) is present on all NK cells, most γδTCR+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. The interaction with its ligand, CD48, results in the activation of the cytolytic properties of the NK cell.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: multiomics approaches to unravel the role of immune cells checkpoints
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2022
Yasaman Taslimi, Nasrin Masoudzadeh, Fariborz Bahrami, Sima Rafati
As a member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) family, CD244 is found on different immune cell types such as T-cells, NK, DC, monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and eosinophils and its main role is perceived as regulating the immune system. CD244 is very important in many immune-associated diseases including infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. By binding to its ligand (CD48), CD244 promotes inhibitor or activator signals for the regulation of the immune system [57]. There are limited studies on the effects of CD244 during leishmaniasis. One of these studies has shown that patients with active CL had higher CD8+ T-cells, expressing CD244 and CD160 receptors on their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), compared to people with healed CL lesions [58].
sCD48 is elevated in non-allergic but not in allergic persistent rhinitis
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Olga Branicka, Edyta Jura-Szołtys, Barbara Rogala, Joanna Glück
CD48 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein presenting as a membrane receptor (mCD48) on hematopoietic cells and as a soluble form (sCD48) in serum [11]. For mast cells and eosinophil, the CD48–2B4 interaction is the main component of the ‘Allergic Effector Unit’ and is important for the initiation and continuation of the allergic reaction [12]. The expression of CD48 on eosinophils is regulated by IL-3 and mediated by orosomucoid 3 (ORMDL3). Eosinophil degranulation and trafficking are also mediated by CD48 [13,14]. There is increasing evidence for the important role of CD48 in respiratory diseases such as non-allergic bronchial asthma and systemic sclerosis with lung involvement [15]. In a murine model of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation, CD48 expression on eosinophils was shown to increase [16,17]. These data prompted us to examine the role of CD48 in both intermittent and persistent rhinitis. In our previous paper, we observed increased CD48 serum levels in intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) during pollen season, suggesting the role of CD48 in the pathogenesis of IAR [18].
Alteration of liver immunity by increasing inflammatory response during co-administration of methamphetamine and atazanavir
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2020
Yanfei Li, Sangsang Li, Yang Xia, Xiangrong Li, Tingjun Chen, Jie Yan, Yong Wang
The increased expression of CD48 was observed in various etiological and pathological diseases and the role of soluble CD48 as a decoy receptor suggested that this receptor played a key role in the regulation of immune response. It has been reported that viruses, bacteria or cytokines can up-regulate CD48 molecule in various cells. For example, EBV infection can promote the expression of CD48 molecules in B cells while bacterial infection could increase CD48 molecules on mast cells [26,28]. Furthermore, CD48 leads to 2B4-mediated NK cell activation [29]. The monocytes from hepatocellular carcinoma express very high level of CD48, which transiently activates NK cells through 2B4 receptor, but eventually exhausts and diminishes NK cells [30]. According to our in vivo study of liver tissue RNA-seq from METH–atazanavir co-treatment mouse model, in vitro studies of qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry tests on macrophages, co-treatment of METH–atazanavir decreased the expression of CD48 molecule compared with that treated with METH alone, but the transcription of CD48 increased as the increase of METH–atazanavir dose. These results suggested that METH–atazanavir co-treatment might impair hepatic immune functions by decreasing CD48 to prevent from NK cell activation.