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Monocyte and lymphocyte membrane markers: Ontogeny and clinical significance
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Scott Sugden, Damien Montamat-Sicotte, Karen K. Yam, Joseph Murphy, Bader Yassine Diab, Virginia Litwin
CD244 (NK receptor 2B4) is present on all NK cells, most γδTCR+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. The interaction with its ligand, CD48, results in the activation of the cytolytic properties of the NK cell.
Intraepithelial T cells: Specialized T cells at epithelial surfaces
Published in Phillip D. Smith, Richard S. Blumberg, Thomas T. MacDonald, Principles of Mucosal Immunology, 2020
Despite this, intestinal IETs share unique phenotypic and functional characteristics that distinguish them from systemic T cells in the periphery. First, there are more T cells residing within the gut epithelium than there are in other tissues. B cells are rare and only present in specialized epithelium overlying Peyer's patches (PP). Second, IETs include an abundance of γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) expressing cells. Third, IETs are antigen-experienced cells; however, they do not express markers of recently activated cells, such as CD25. Fourth, the majority of IETs display a typical cytotoxic phenotype, but at steady state they secrete only low levels of effector cytokines. Fifth, and typical of stress-sensing cells, IETs also express innate activating and inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell-like receptors. Sixth, IETs express the αEβ7 integrin (CD103 indicates the αE chain), which interacts with E-cadherin on the epithelial cells. Seventh, IETs express activation markers such as CD69 and CD8αα homodimers, a hallmark of activated cells. (The ligand for CD8αα, the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class I molecule thymus leukemia antigen, is also abundantly and constitutively expressed on gut epithelial cells.) Eighth, a large fraction of TCRαβ IETs are CD4−CD8− double negative, typical of high-affinity T cells. They express a limited repertoire of TCR-α and TCR-β chains and are thus considered to be oligoclonal. Finally, IETs display a typical “restrained” phenotype hallmarked by the expression of molecules like CD160, CD244, CRTAM, and LAG3.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: multiomics approaches to unravel the role of immune cells checkpoints
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2022
Yasaman Taslimi, Nasrin Masoudzadeh, Fariborz Bahrami, Sima Rafati
As a member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) family, CD244 is found on different immune cell types such as T-cells, NK, DC, monocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and eosinophils and its main role is perceived as regulating the immune system. CD244 is very important in many immune-associated diseases including infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. By binding to its ligand (CD48), CD244 promotes inhibitor or activator signals for the regulation of the immune system [57]. There are limited studies on the effects of CD244 during leishmaniasis. One of these studies has shown that patients with active CL had higher CD8+ T-cells, expressing CD244 and CD160 receptors on their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), compared to people with healed CL lesions [58].
Natural Killer Cell Defects in Breast Cancer: A Key Pathway for Tumor Evasion
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2021
Elaheh Arianfar, Sanaz Shahgordi, Ali Memarian
CD244 (2B4) is a Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM) family receptor found on the surface of NK cells, a subset of CD8+ T cells, monocytes, DC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and binds to CD48 with high affinity [36]. It was decreased on PB-NK cells in BC patients [35]. Its cytoplasmic domain could interact with a variety of adaptor molecules that are capable to propagate both inhibitory and activating signals [36,37] depending on the expression level, accessibility and competitive binding affinity to adaptor molecules [38,39].