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T Cells:Regulation and Cellular Immunity
Published in Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla, Textbook of Immunology, 2019
Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla
These adhesion molecules are also called LFA-1 (leukocyte function associated antigen 1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), respectively. These molecules are expressed on several different types of leukocytes including both B and T cells; ICAM-1 is expressed by non-hemopoietic cells as well. The LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction enhances membrane contact between B and T cells, and between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. One of the consequences of TCR binding is increased surface expression of both molecules. LFA-1 and ICAM-1 also modulate cellular activation, but the mechanisms are not well-understood. In addition to providing co-stimulation in the activation of mature T cells, LFA-1 and ICAM-1 are important in negative selection. Antibodies binding to ICAM-1 inhibit the induction of apoptosis in CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells. Recently, another ligand for CD54 has been described, this is CD43. CD43 also modulates T cell activation.
Immunohistochemistry
Published in Wojciech Gorczyca, Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology, 2014
Mature B-cell neoplasms express B-cell markers (CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79a, CD79b, PAX5). CD5+ B-cell lymphomas include B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (B-CLL/SLL), MCL, subset of marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs), and rarely other B-cell lymphomas [e.g., lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma or rare follicular lymphoma (FL)]. CD10+ lymphomas include FL; Burkitt lymphoma (BL); subset of DLBCLs; B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between BL and DLBCL (BCLU; “double-hit” lymphoma); and subset of MCL and hairy cell leukemia (HCL). CD11c is brightly positive in HCL and may also be positive (with lesser intensity) in MZL, subset of CLL and HCL variant (HCL-V). CD23 is positive in B-CLL/SLL, subset of FLs, and rare PCM. CD25 is positive in HCL and in conjunction with annexin-1 helps to differentiate it from HCL-V (which is negative for CD25 and annexin-1). CD30 is expressed by primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL), subset of DLBCLs, and occasional FL. CD138 is positive in PCM and plasma-blastic lymphoma, as well as subset of DLBCLs. CD43 is expressed by PCM, plasmablastic lymphoma, B-CLL/SLL, MCL, BL, BCLU, and occasional DLBCL. CD56 is present in the subset of PCM and rare DLBCL. CD103 is positive in HCL, HCL-V, and rare cases of DLBCL. BCL1 (cyclin D1) is typical for MCL but is also positive in the subset of PCM. BCL2 stains most of the lymphomas, but is negative in BL and in benign CD10+ germinal center cells. BCL6 expression is typical for FL, BL, and BCLU, and is seen in the subset of DLBCLs. Epstein–Barr virus/EBV-encoded RNA (EBV/EBER) is present in the subset of DLBCL and BL, senile EBV-associated large B-cell lymphoma, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG).
The role of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like-lectin-1 (siglec-1) in immunology and infectious disease
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2023
Shane Prenzler, Santosh Rudrawar, Mario Waespy, Sørge Kelm, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie, Thomas Haselhorst
Siglec-1 plays an important role in cell-cell communication and it has been shown to orchestrate differences between adults and children during the course of RSV infection [15]. Both monocytes and T-cells are actively recruited to the site of RSV infection [39]. It has been shown in vitro that monocytes present major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to CD4+ T-cells resulting in activation and this also then induces the production of IFN-γ [40]. It has been shown, both in vivo and in vitro, that Siglec-1 on monocytes is upregulated in adults and children in RSV infections. This is in addition to the already observed release of IFN-γ from CD4+ T-cells (Figure 3) [15]. The release of IFN-γ however is reduced in adults compared to children as a result of Siglec-1 binding to its natural ligand CD43 on CD4+ T-cells (Figure 3) [15]. CD43 is a highly sialylated receptor on T-cells and it is this high expression of sialic acid that allows for binding to Siglec-1 [15].
CD43 in the malignant flow cytometry laboratory in 2020
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2021
CD43, or leukosialin, is a highly glycosylated and evolutionarily preserved protein expressed in most leukocytes [1]. It has a high antigenic density and multiple functions primarily revolving around cell adhesion, interaction, activation, and migration [2–4]. It also has a role as co-activator of T cell receptor signaling and in the interaction with the cellular microenvironment [1,5]. Its role in the B cell compartment is less clearly established, although it may promote cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis [1,5].
Primary thyroid MALToma– a rare diagnosis of an unassuming thyroid nodule
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2018
Pragya Shrestha, Kimberly Aderhold, Sharon Swierczynski, Catherine Lin, Ronald Herb
The pathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) stains of the excised left thyroid lobe supported histologic impression of extra nodal marginal B-cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. IHC indicated positivity for CD20, CD79A, CD43, and CD45. IHC of Superior level 6 lymph node did not reveal any pathologic changes. Bone marrow was performed subsequently which did not show any evidence of infiltrating lymphoma.