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Integrin-Dependent Responses in Human Basophils
Published in Bruce S. Bochner, Adhesion Molecules in Allergic Disease, 2020
Jane A. Warner, Kirsty Rich, Kirstin Goldring
A second basophil surface marker, CD9, is also reported to act as a receptor for fibronectin (19), and we have found similar results when CD9 is ligated. Clustering of CD9 is sufficient to initiate histamine release in the basophils of some asthmatic patients (see Fig. 1). Ligation of CD9 also modulates the response to a subsequent IgE challenge (see Fig. 1). The basophil responses to CD9 ligation closely resembled the effects of clustering the VLA-4 integrins, and it has been reported that CD9 may associate with VLA-4 on the cell surface (29). These similarities may suggest that CD9 and CD29/CD49d utilize similar signal transduction pathways or that ligation of CD9 causes co-clustering of the VLA-4 integrin and triggers histamine release via this pathway.
Immune Reconstitution after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Andreas Thiel, Tobias Alexander, Christian A. Schmidt, Falk Hiepe, Renate Arnold, Andreas Radbruch, Larissa Verda, Richard K. Burt
Using the membrane protein CD45 to differentiate naïve (CD45RA) from memory (CD45RO) T cells, thymic dependent T cell production appears to diminish markedly after puberty presumably due to thymic atrophy.11-12 If the thymus involutes, new adult T cells would then be derived exclusively from peripheral expansion of existing memory cells. However, cells with a CD45RO phenotype may revert to CD45RA and visa versa.13 Despite the existence of CD45 phenotype switch between RA and RO isotypes, CD4+CD45RA+ remains a common surrogate marker for naïve CD4+ cells.13-15 Memory CD4+ T cells may be denoted by a CD4+ CD29+ rather than CD4+CD45RO+ phenotype.16 Since cord blood is enriched for CD8+CD1 lalow T cells, this phenotype may be used as a marker for naïve CD8+ T cells.17-18 Alternatively, newer DNA assays of T cell receptor excision circles are being utilized as an assay for recent thymic emigrants (RTE).
Recombinant Antibodies
Published in Siegfried Matzku, Rolf A. Stahel, Antibodies in Diagnosis and Therapy, 2019
Melvyn Little, Sergey M. Kipriyanov
DNA can be efficiently expressed in cultures of insect cells infected with baculovirus using expression vectors containing the promoter of the gene for polyhedrin. Invertebrate cells are capable of signal peptide cleavage, N- and O-linked glycosylation, proper cellular compartmentalization and extracellular secretion. The expression of recombinant mAb in insect cells offers several advantages with respect to post-translational modifications, stability, yields and applicability. An anti-human CD29 human::mouse chimeric antibody was recently produced in Sf9 cells with a yield of 10-15 mg/109 cells, higher than the level achieved by the parental mouse hybridoma (Poul et al., 1995). The chimeric heavy and light chains were correctly processed and assembled into a normal immunoglobulin that was secreted into the culture medium. The chimeric antibody was found to be glycosylated and reproduced in vitro the functional properties of the parental mAb, including binding affinity and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation.
CD29 targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in the treatment of a pigmented melanoma model
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Aki Furusawa, Ryuhei Okada, Fuyuki Inagaki, Hiroaki Wakiyama, Takuya Kato, Hideyuki Furumoto, Hiroshi Fukushima, Shuhei Okuyama, Peter L. Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
CD29, also known as Integrin beta-1 (Itgb1), is one of the integrin family trans-membrane proteins which is involved in multiple cellular events such as cell adhesion and migration.18 CD29 expression is associated with cancer cell proliferation and migration,19,20 and is also associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.21 CD44 and CD29 are known to be co-expressed in some cancers including synovial sarcoma22 and squamous cell carcinomas19 and melanomas.23,24 Although CD29 is known to be expressed in cytotoxic T cells,25 its expression in other immune cells is relatively low.26 Even when cytotoxic CD8 T cells are killed locally in the treatment site, if the rest of the immune cell populations such as DCs and CD4 T cells are intact, anti-tumor immune activation is expected to be unaffected, and newly activated T cells would fill the loss. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of CD29- and CD44-PIT on cancer cells and on TME cells. Specifically, we investigated; (1) the efficacy of NIR-PIT against a pigmented melanoma model and (2) Compared the treatment efficacy of CD29-PIT and CD44-PIT with and without a commonly available immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-CTLA4 antibody.
microRNA-130b-3p delivery by mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes confers protection on acute lung injury
Published in Autoimmunity, 2022
Xiaoxia Wang, Jifeng Feng, Huijun Dai, Jianlan Mo, Bijun Luo, Cheng Luo, Weikang Zhang, Linghui Pan
CD105, CD29, CD44 and CD34 are commonly used to identify MSCs, among which CD105, CD29 and CD44 is a positive marker, whereas CD34 is a negative marker [36,37]. The specific function of the cells is related to its surface markers, and cell surface markers can reflect some basic characteristics of cells. MSCs are a mixed cell population, and their surface antigens are also non-specific, expressing the surface markers of mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells and epidermal cells [38]. CD29, also known as integrin β1, VLA-β chain or gpIIa, is a receptor for various extracellular matrix proteins, and CD29 acts as a fibronectin receptor involved in various cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. CD105, also known as endoglin, is a 90-kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the zona pellucida protein (ZP) family. CD44, also known as Hermes, Pgp1, H-CAM or Hutch, is an 80–95 kDa glycoprotein, which is expressed in leukocytes, endothelial cells, hepatocytes and MSCs. CD34 is a transmembrane salivary mucin that may be involved in adhesion and anti-adhesion. Therefore, we chose CD105, CD29, CD44 and CD34 to identify MSCs. Flow cytometry showed that CD105, CD29 and CD44 were positive, and CD34 was negative (Figure 1(A)). Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation experiments uncovered that after oil red O staining, there were red lipid droplets in the cells; in the osteogenic medium, Alizarin Red stained cubes and formed mineralized nodules, indicating that the cells had multi-directional differentiation abilities (Figure 1(B)).
Amniotic membrane and its epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells as an appropriate source for skin tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi, Mehrdad Farahani, Tahereh Tayebi, Ameneh Jafari, Felor Biniazan, Khashayar Modaresifar, Hamideh Moravvej, Soheyl Bahrami, Heinz Redl, Lobat Tayebi, Hassan Niknejad
Mesenchymal cells of amnion also possess stem cell characteristics which indicate outstanding clonogenicity and differentiation potency [36,37]. The AMCs are capable of differentiation into all three germ layers which comprise an organism. These stem cells are positive for the mesenchymal specific markers including CD44, CD73, CD29, CD105 and CD90 and also do not express the hematopoietic markers and human leukocyte antigen including CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, HLA-A, HLA-B and DR antigens [38]. AMCs also secrete some anti-inflammatory cytokines such as PGE2, IDO, HGF and TGF-β [39]. AMCs promote angiogenesis through secretion of some angiogenic factors such as angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) [40]. As angiogenesis is a very important stage in the repair of skin ulcers, these cells can be very suitable for the accelerating of wound healing process [41,42].