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Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting (Part II): Secondary Bone Grafting
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
John Rowson, David Grimes, Cristina Frezzini
Recombinant human morphogenic protein 2 (rh-BMP2) has been investigated as suitable alternative to autologous bone. A recent systematic review with meta-analysis identified five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing iliac bone graft with rh-BMP2 in ABG, evaluated at 6 months and 1 year with CT evaluation. In these studies, rh-BMP2 provided higher volume of bone compared to iliac bone at 6 months, although this difference was not maintained at 1 year. Iliac crest and rh-BMP2 provided similar bone graft height at 6 months.12
Fibroid and Infertility
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
Aarti Deenadayal Tolani, Kadambari, Hema Desai, Suhasini Donthi, Mamata Deenadayal
Disturbances in the endometrial expression of cytokines are an important factor in decreasing uterine receptivity. Intramural fibroid-derived transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ-3) impairs the activity of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). This results in decreases in interleukin 1 (IL-1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), leading to defective decidualization and implantation [2].
An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Mary Anne S. Melo, Ashley Reid, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
In this review, the enamel matrix derivative is the only bioactive material that did not induce any significant improvement in any of the parameters of the periodontal treatment. Another growth factors that are used in the periodontal treatment are bone morphogenetic proteins. These proteins belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family that involves 20 proteins. The two most common proteins in this family are recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-12 and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, which are used mainly in the treatment of alveolar bone defects (Wikesjö et al. 2004, 2003). Certain limitations are reported with growth factors related to their susceptibility to degradation and dilution prior to the induction of the required regeneration. Therefore, the need for scaffolds is necessary to control the delivery and release of such growth factors (Babensee et al. 2000; Anusaksathien and Giannobile 2002).
A New Procedure in Bone Engineering Using Induced Adipose Tissue
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Randa Alfotawi, Mona Elsafadi, Manikandan Muthurangan, Abdul-Aziz Siyal, Musaad Alfayez, Amer A. Mahmmod
A previous study found that BMPs induce brown adipose tissue formation when infused in small quantities into fat tissue, so their role in the regulation of energy metabolism has been investigated.23 Another study found that the clinical application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) causes the concomitant occurrence of new bone and adipose tissue formation when implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats.24 Taha et al.25 concluded that “several BMPs are known to induce adipogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner; low concentrations promote adipogenesis while high concentrations are anti-adipogenic and, instead, promote osteo-chondrogenesis.”25,26 However, the differentiation of adipocytes into chondrocytes depends upon the presence of many factors, such as BMPs, growth factors, and complex interactions among them. Furthermore, the concentration and duration of growth factor exposure are crucial.27 A high dose of BMP2 induces adipocyte-derived stem cells to an osteoblastic lineage, and further induction has been confirmed in three-dimensional in vitro environments using scaffolds to maintain the sustained release of the protein.14
Halloysites modified polyethylene glycol diacrylate/thiolated chitosan double network hydrogel combined with BMP-2 for rat skull regeneration
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Qi-Bin Sun, Chang-Peng Xu, Wen-Qiang Li, Qin-Jun Meng, Hua-Zheng Qu
This study shows the design of a DN hydrogel of a polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) covalent network and a thiolated chitosan (TCS) ion crosslinking network by chemical/physical crosslinking. The mechanical properties and drug-loading ability of the prepared DN hydrogel were further improved by introducing thiolated HNTs (T-HNTs). In addition, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) [19] with good osteoinductive properties was loaded into the prepared DN hydrogel to improve the biofunctionality of the composite gel. The dynamic disulphide bonds may generated among BMP2, TCS and T-HNTs, for the free cysteine residue with thiol groups of BMP2, sulfhydrylation-modified TCS and T-HNTs. This dynamic disulphide bonds can not only improve the interfacial interaction between T-HNTs and the polymer chain but also retain the BMP-2 loading into the hydrogel and for the sustained release ability. This study shows the design of a PEGDA/TCS/T-HNTs/BMP-2 hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties and good osteogenic activity and investigated its potential clinical application in orthopaedics.
Posterior cord syndrome associated with postoperative seroma: The case to perform a complete neurologic exam
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Meghan Cochrane, Marika Hess, Natalie Sajkowicz
Posterior cord syndrome can result from vascular ischemia to the posterior circulation of the spinal cord, intrinsic cord disease, and external compression by a space-occupying lesion within the posterior spinal canal.5–8 Intraspinal space-occupying conditions, such as extramedullary tumors, spondylosis, and epidural abscess, are reported causes of cord compression; however, a seroma causing a mass effect with cord effacement and compression is exceedingly rare.9,10 Seromas following surgical procedures are well-known conditions that are generally considered benign and self-limiting. The incidence of postoperative seromas is unknown because most patients do not get routine imaging studies. Sterile seromas form as a result of trauma-induced inflammation resulting in increased capillary permeability and leakage in the dead space resulting from the surgical procedure.11 Signs associated with seromas include pain, bulging mass at the incision site, and signs that refer to the dorsal column as described here.12 Cases of seroma accumulation have been attributed to the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) which was not used in this patient.10,13–15 A few cases of seroma formation following multilevel laminectomy without the use of rhBMP-2 have been reported.10,12 In these cases, patients presented with localized pain, without associated neurological symptoms.