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Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Globular or corpuscular proteins possess a relatively spherical or ovoid shape and are usually water-soluble (36, 47). Globular proteins are generally more sensitive to temperature and pH change than their fibrous counterparts. Typically, globular proteins play an essential role in metabolism and have several other dynamic functions. Globular proteins include enzymes, cytochrome C, nutrient proteins, reserve proteins, myosin in muscle, and blood proteins such as serum albumin, glycoproteins, hemoglobin, immunoglobulins (antibodies), and hormones (36, 47). Hemoglobin is used to transport oxygen, and albumin is a carrier of fatty acids in blood.
The Diseased Body
Published in Roger Cooter, John Pickstone, Medicine in the Twentieth Century, 2020
So too, new classes of genetic disease emerged in the post-war period, especially following the publication in 1953 of the double helix model of DNA, the nucleic acid of the chromosome. From the late 1950s numerous variants of the blood protein hemoglobin were described some being associated with specific diseases such as hemophilia or sickle-cell anemia. From the 1980s, methods of DNA analysis began to be applied to human diseases; the genes at fault in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Huntington chorea, cystic fibrosis and other conditions were identified and mapped. With the creation of the Human Genome Project in the mid 1980s, which aimed to done and sequence all the genes on the human chromosome, concern emerged about the implications of DNA testing. For some it was a neutral means of identifying and preventing disease. Others doubted the validity of attempts find the genes ‘responsible’ for a variety of ‘cliseases’ such as homosexuality and criminality. Thus genetics carried with it the possibility of stigmatizing certain groups and of a return to eugenic policies. Moreover, in those conditions less controversially called ‘diseases; genetics might also divert attention from social and economic causes, while the issue of ‘copyrighting’ genes raised issues of corporate power in biomedicine. Finally, genetic screening feed into controversies around abortion, euthanasia and privacy. What should be done if a fetus or elderly person was diagnosed with a genetic problem, and who should know about it?
Effect of Transport on Distribution of Radioions and Radiometabolites
Published in Lelio G. Colombetti, Biological Transport of Radiotracers, 2020
In general, most radiotracers are administered by intravenous injection. Thus, the first consideration in transport is the binding of radiotracers to blood proteins such as serum albumin, gamma globulin or transferrin. In most cases the binding to the blood elements is relatively weak, which allows the radiotracer to be carried to a specific site which binds the tracer more strongly and clears it from the blood.
Genome- and transcriptome-wide association studies show that pulmonary embolism is associated with bone-forming proteins
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Ruoyang Feng, Mengnan Lu, Yanni Yang, Pan Luo, Lin Liu, Ke Xu, Peng Xu
Isoprostane-8 and GDF-15 have recently been shown to be associated with prothrombotic conditions and could be used as new markers for post-PE syndrome [9]. The artificial neural network approach that integrates plasma proteomics and genetic data has identified PLXNA4 as a new susceptibility locus for PE [10]. Plasma proteins (also known as blood proteins) are a group of more than 3,600 proteins in blood plasma that are associated with functions such as signal transduction, transport, repair, and prevention of infections [11]. Certain plasma proteins are associated with the development of PE and contribute to both PE and deep vein embolism [12]. However, studies that fully explore the genetic association between PE and human plasma proteins are limited. Our current study, in which we investigated the relationships between PE and 3,283 human plasma proteins, is novel in this respect.
Chitosan-biotin topical film: preparation and evaluation of burn wound healing activity
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Faisal Al-Akayleh, Nisrein Jaber, Mayyas Al-Remawi, Ghazi Al Odwan, Nidal Qinna
Consequently, as the skin builds more dermal collagen fibers in the healed tissue, it will show higher mechanical stretching rates. In conclusion, CS-treated skin showed significant wound healing activity compared to the control group, which was improved in the CS/BIO film. Other researchers studied the mechanism by which CS promotes hemostasis. CS involves the agglutination of blood proteins and platelet activation for encouraging fibrin clot formation. It also interacts with and regulates the migration of neutrophils and macrophages, repairing processes such as fibroplasia and reepithelization (Alemdaroğlu et al. 2006). In addition, CS is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer; it also possesses antimicrobial activity (Archana et al. 2014). The addition of BIO to CS could improve the healing process by increasing the efficacy during the phase transitions of the wound to get proper healing management. The expected healing activities of the prepared CS/BIO film are suggested to be compared in future studies to a commercially available positive control. In addition, incision and excision wound healing histopathological evaluation is still warranted to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the skin healing process of the prepared CS/BIO film.
Evaluation of the Hemostatic Efficacy of Two Powdered Topical Absorbable Hemostats Using a Porcine Liver Abrasion Model of Mild to Moderate Bleeding
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Melinda H. MacDonald, Laura Tasse, Daidong Wang, Gary Zhang, Hector De Leon, Richard Kocharian
Products that exhibit faster TTHs are clinically relevant as they may allow for reduced blood loss and shorter operating room times. Surgicel-P has been shown to achieve hemostasis in less than a minute [26], whereas Hemoblast-B requires roughly 3 minutes [42,45–47]. In the current study, Hemoblast-B required twice as many applications as Surgicel-P to achieve hemostasis within the study’s predefined 5-min period. The large efficacy gap between both products after the first application decreased progressively as the number of applications increased. An efficacy gap of 70% after the first application (73.3% − 3.3%) was reduced to 53%, 30% and 27% after 2, 3 and 4 product applications, respectively (Figure 2). Although the mechanism of action of ORC is unknown, fluid absorption and swelling are believed to provide an initial tamponade effect at the bleeding site. The formation of a ‘pseudo-clot’ containing entrapped blood proteins and platelets may act as a substrate for the formation of a firmer fibrin clot [2]. The time- and application-dependent differences in efficacy reported here suggest that the hemostats tested in our study may have different blood absorption rates and/or absorptive capacities. We have previously shown that the ORC aggregates contained in Surgicel-P are more effective at promoting coagulation than their constituent fine fibers due to more favorable surface energetics [4].