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Investigating the Role of Two-Pore Channel 2 (TPC2) in Zebrafish Neuromuscular Development
Published in Bruno Gasnier, Michael X. Zhu, Ion and Molecule Transport in Lysosomes, 2020
Sarah E. Webb, Jeffrey J. Kelu, Andrew L. Miller
To test the specificity of our TPCN2-MO-T, a tpcn2 rescue construct was prepared that contained silent mutations in the target sequence, which meant that it could not be recognized by the TPCN2-MO-T (Kelu et al., 2015). The mutant tpcn2 mRNA was generated via in vitro transcription using a linearized DNA template obtained from the tpcn2 rescue construct. Rescue experiments were conducted by microinjecting 1-cell stage zebrafish embryos into the yolk with the TPCN2-MO-T, after which they were immediately injected into the blastodisc with the mutant tpcn2 mRNA. The “rescued” embryos were shown to have a partial (but significant) recovery with regard to the Ca2+ signals generated in the developing myotome and spinal cord, as well as with regard to myogenesis and motility (Kelu et al., 2015, 2017, 2018).
Overproduction of Hyaluronan in the Tumor Stroma
Published in Róza Ádány, Tumor Matrix Biology, 2017
Warren Knudson, Cheryl B. Knudson
It has been difficult to treat tumor tissues successfully with hyaluronidases in order to discern the overall effect of total hyaluronan depletion. However, when stage-8 chick embryos received sub-blastodisc injections of Streptomyces hyaluronidase, the tissue spaces between somites, between somitomeres, and between the overlying ectoderm, neural tube, and mesoderm collapsed entirely.120 The initial pattern of emerging neural crest cell populations migrating off the neural tube was maintained, but the continued “invasion” of these cells through the mesodermal connective tissue was totally blocked.120 Rather than the loosely cellular, hydrated connective tissue compartment, the embryonic tissues were now densely packed. The intracellular space between individual neural crest cells was also decreased. Therefore, when hyaluronan-dependent hydration/expansion of connective tissues (mesoderm) collapses, cellular migration ceases. Thus, it has been suggested that the expansion and hydration properties of tissues enriched in hyaluronan provide an extracellular milieu conducive to cell migration.10,11,19,22,121
Embryology and anatomy of the peritoneal cavity
Published in Wim P. Ceelen, Edward A. Levine, Intraperitoneal Cancer Therapy, 2015
Until the end of the second gestational week, the embryo disk, known as the blastodisc, consists of two germ layers, the endoderm and ectoderm, separated from each other by a basal membrane. Both germ layers participate in forming the third layer, the mesoderm, which develops between the two. During the course of the third week, the mesoderm starts separating endoderm from ectoderm. They stay in contact only in the areas of the buccopharyngeal and cloacal membranes.
Toxicity assessment of biological suspensions using the dielectric impedance spectroscopy technique
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
S. Muñoz, J. L. Sebastián, P. Antoranz, J. P. García-Cambero, A. Sanchis-Otero
Regarding to the conductivity, the results showed a similar trend for the three viable suspensions, with a larger dispersion corresponding to the sample V1 and slightly higher values through almost the whole spectra from the sample V3. These differences would be related to the variations in structure and composition of the embryo interior during the development, considering both the animal and vegetal poles. Apart from the aforementioned differences in the animal pole among the three observed embryo stages, during the embryogenesis also the vegetal pole suffers some alterations. In fact, at earlier stages, the yolk cell is composed of yolk granules packed densely underlying the blastodisc, appearing later a peripheral layer, the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) (sample V1). Then, this layer will spread underneath the blastodisc, becoming an internal layer between animal and vegetal poles at sphere stage (embryos of V2). In the late blastula, epiboly begins and the YSL accompanies the thinning and spreading of the blastodisc over the yolk cell (embryos in V3).