China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Microneedles vs. Other Transdermal Technologies
Published in Boris Stoeber, Raja K Sivamani, Howard I. Maibach, Microneedling in Clinical Practice, 2020
Yeakuty Jhanker, James H.N. Tran, Heather A.E. Benson, Tarl W. Prow
The original biolistic particle delivery system, or gene gun, was designed for delivering exogenous DNA (transgenes) into plant cells. The payload is typically a particle of a heavy metal coated with DNA (typically plasmid DNA). This has been developed into biolistic injectors delivering a “shotgun” burst of nano- or microparticles into the skin (Figure 5.5 right), injectors that have been effective for the immunization of antigens including influenza and malaria, and also in anticancer applications in a range of animals (mice, rat, ferrets, monkeys, etc.) and humans (79–82). Clinical assessment of biolistic particle delivery reports transient localized pain and tissue damage (erythema, irritation, etc.); thus, like liquid biolistic injection, the technique is most suitable to vaccination.
Edible Vaccine
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Vivek K. Chaturvedi, Sushil K. Dubey, N. Tabassum, M.P. Singh
In this method, gene gun is used for delivery of desired gene. DNA is coated with gold, tungsten, etc., and is bombarded into the cells or tissue.77 Then these transformed cells will develop into a whole plant. Biolistic method is very attractive because it has high regenerative ability.19 This method is expensive because it requires sophisticated devices like particle gun, gold particle, etc.
Reduction and Fixation of Sacroiliac joint Dislocation by the Combined Use of S1 Pedicle Screws and an Iliac Rod
Published in Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Michael J. Yaszemski, Augustus A. White, Advances in Spinal Fusion, 2003
Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Michael J. Yaszemski, Augustus A. White
Two types of vectors for gene therapy are currently under investigation: viral and nonviral vectors. Viral vectors comprise a number of viral agents that undergo a process known as homologous recombination before being used for gene therapy. Homologous recombination consists of the deletion of portions of the viral genome so to make the virus replication-deficient and ready to accommodate the therapeutic transgene [101]. The genetically modified virus subsequently binds to and enters the host cell, and transduction begins with the injected DNA being incorporated into the host cell genome or remaining extrachromosomal. In either case, the transduced target cell is able to synthesize and secrete the protein encoded by the transgene. A number of viral vectors are being investigated, including adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, retrovirus, and herpes simplex viruses, each offering theoretical advantages and disadvantages related to the virus life cycle [139]. Nonviral vectors include a heterogeneous group of substances and techniques represented by naked DNA injection, electroporation, biolistics or gene gun, liposomes, and polymer-DNA complexes [137].
Advances and challenges in nintedanib drug delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Varalakshmi Velagacherla, Akhil Suresh, Chetan H Mehta, Usha Y Nayak
Solid-powder injectors deliver various therapeutically active molecules into superficial skin layers in their dry form. This delivery is also named gene gun and biolistic injectors as it can be used for delivering the gene as well as biological molecules such as DNA and others [103]. The design includes a compartment for storing drug or solid powdered formulation, a power source that includes compressed gas, and a nozzle for delivering the solid particles or particles flow. On one press, compressed gas carries the drug or formulation exits from the nozzle, imposes on the skin, and causes puncturing of the micron dimensional stratum corneum holes through their momentum, which finally reached the desired site for showing their therapeutic effect [105–107]. The velocity of impact, the radius of the drug or formulation particle and its density, and finally the payload of the particle are some of the important parameters that need to be considered during the delivery of the drug particles through the stratum corneum. Some of the studies that are used in this technique showed successful delivery of drugs without any pain, which indicates the safety of the technique [108–115]. The examples of novel transdermal drug delivery devices are given in Table 6.
A multiplatform strategy for the discovery of conventional monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3
Published in mAbs, 2018
Janna Bednenko, Rian Harriman, Lore Mariën, Hai M. Nguyen, Alka Agrawal, Ashot Papoyan, Yelena Bisharyan, Joanna Cardarelli, Donna Cassidy-Hanley, Ted Clark, Darlene Pedersen, Yasmina Abdiche, William Harriman, Bas van der Woning, Hans de Haard, Ellen Collarini, Heike Wulff, Paul Colussi
The Kv1.3 pTRAS expression vector was introduced into conjugating B2086 and CU428 T. thermophila strains by biolistic transformation as described previously.37 Briefly, 20 μl of M17 tungsten beads (Bio-Rad Laboratories) were coated with 8 μg of expression vector DNA. Transformations were carried out using a Biolistic PDS-1000/He Particle Delivery System (Bio-Rad Laboratories) ∼ 10 hours following induction of conjugation. Following particle bombardment and recovery in NEFF medium (0.25% proteose peptone, 0.25% yeast extract, 0.55% glucose, 33 μM FeCl3) at 30°C for 18 h, cells were supplemented with paramomycin (100 μg/ml), aliquoted into 96-well microplates and incubated for 3–4 days at 30°C. Wells containing paromomycin-resistant cells were identified and transferred to stock tubes. To identify Kv1.3 expressing cell lines, drug-resistant clones were grown in 3 ml cultures to a cell density of at least 5 × 105 cells/ml and Kv1.3 expression was induced by the addition of 2 μg/ml CdCl2. Cells were harvested at 6 h post-induction and stored at −20°C. Cells expressing Kv1.3 were identified by Western blot analysis using anti-Kv1.3 and/or anti-tag antibodies. To establish clonal cell lines, single cells were isolated from Kv1.3-expressing stock tubes into drops of NEFF media containing 100 μg/ml paromomycin. Single cell clones were transferred to stock tubes and the best expressing cell lines were identified by Western blot analysis.
Targeting E7 antigen to the endoplasmic reticulum degradation pathway promotes a potent therapeutic antitumor effect
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
David Hernán Martínez-Puente, Rodolfo Garza-Morales, José Juan Pérez-Trujillo, Aracely García-García, Arnulfo Villanueva-Olivo, Humberto Rodríguez-Rocha, Laura Mireya Zavala-Flores, Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas, Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna, María de Jesús Loera-Arias
After the characterisation of the DNA constructs, we proceeded to evaluate whether these DNA constructs can elicit an antitumor effect in a TC-1 mouse model. In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that the fusion of the chaperone calreticulin to the E7 antigen (CRT/E7) significantly improves the antitumor response [8,20]. Therefore, in this study, we used this fusion as a reference control to compare its effect against COX2-E7 and COX2-E7ΔERAD DNA constructs. To evaluate the therapeutic antitumor effect, groups of 5 female C57BL/6 mice were challenged with TC-1 cells subcutaneously on the right flank. Next, mice were vaccinated with our DNA constructs by biolistic technique on the shaved abdominal region of the mice.