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Role of Polyamines in Prolactin Actions
Published in James A. Rillema, Actions of Prolactin on Molecular Processes, 1987
In the biosynthesis of polyamines, ODC and S-ado-met DC are considered to be the key enzymes. These two enzymes exhibit extremely rapid rates of turnover: the halflife is estimated to be 10 to 20 min for ODC and 30 to 60 min for S-ado-met DC.29–31 In contrast, spermidine and spermine synthases are much more stable, and their cellular content is much higher than that of ODC and S-ado-met DC.29–31 Thus, polyamine biosynthesis is mainly regulated through modulation of the activities of the two decarboxylases. Since the activity of S-ado-met DC in eukaryotic systems is dependent on the presence of putrescine,32 the importance of ODC as the regulatory enzyme is further emphasized. The regulation of ODC is apparently complex, and thus the enzyme activity can be modulated by alterations in the rate of synthesis and turnover, conversion of active to inactive forms, and interactions with antizyme, a specific protein inhibitor of ODC.28–31,33
Expression of YY1 in pro-B and T phenotypes correlation with poor survival in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2021
Gabriela Antonio-Andres, Elva Jiménez-Hernandez, Laura A. Estrada-Abreo, Yanelly Garfias-Gómez, Genaro Patino-Lopez, Sergio Juarez-Mendez, Sara Huerta-Yepez
The total RNA were obtained from bone marrow aspirate samples from 30 patients (n = 20 > 90% of blast; n = 10 < 90% of blast) with ALL as previously described.31 Subsequently, the expression of YY1 was determined using the Universal ProbeLibrary Set, Human (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim Germany). The expression levels were then measured in a computer attached to the thermocycler (StepOne™ Real-Time PCR System, Applied Biosystems). Data capture and analysis was carried out with the thermal cycler program. The PCR conditions were one cycle at 95 °C/10 min, 45 cycles of 95 °C/15 s, and 60 °C/1 min. Using specific primers for YY1 (F 5′-CCC AAA CAA CTG GCA GAA TTT-3′ and R 5′-GAA CAT CTT TGT GCA GCC TTT AT-3′). The gene ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (OAZF 5′-ACGTCCAACGACAAGACGAGGATT-3″ and R 5′-TCAGCACTGTTCGCCAGTTAATGC-3″) was used as a positive control.
Agmatine as a potential therapeutic intervention in bipolar depression: the preclinical landscape
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2019
Devon Watts, Bianca Pfaffenseller, Bianca Wollenhaupt-Aguiar, Luiza Paul Géa, Taiane De Azevedo Cardoso, Flavio Kapczinski
Thus, the homeostatic regulation of polyamines appears to be an important factor to consider, given that chronic reductions or elevations seem to be present in varying disease states. For instance, glutamatergic neurotransmission is closely controlled by intracellular polyamine levels, a system that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of, and treatment response to, major depressive disorder (MDD) and BD [51]. Considering the modulatory effects of polyamines on the glutamatergic system, this suggests that promoting homeostatic regulation of the polyamine system is a promising target for the treatment of depressive episodes [52]. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that increased intestinal inflammation and permeability, due to polyamine dysregulation, may be important mechanisms underlying mood episodes [53]. Therefore, therapeutic agents with the ability to modulate the PSR in both the CNS and ENS are warranted in mood disorders. In this scenario, agmatine is a promising target of altered polyamine metabolism considering its unique ability to regulate intracellular polyamine content [54] and neuroprotective effects. Agmatine inhibits polyamine synthesis (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) through induction of ODC1 antizyme and by depleting polyamine pools through upregulation of SSAT [22] (Figure 2). This could be a potential mechanism through which agmatine may exert a protective effect in both the CNS and ENS.
A technical assessment of the porcine ejaculated spermatozoa for a sperm-specific RNA-seq analysis
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2018
Marta Gòdia, Fabiana Quoos Mayer, Julieta Nafissi, Anna Castelló, Joan Enric Rodríguez-Gil, Armand Sánchez, Alex Clop
We also evaluated the absence of RNA from somatic cell origin in our samples. For this, we used the SMARTer libraries, which showed better outcomes, and the totality of the reads obtained for each of these libraries (between 18.5 and 26.9 million reads per sample). We also included two publicly available (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) boar RNA-seq datasets, one from whole blood cells (ERR1898477), which contains a large abundance of leukocytes and a second one from ear biopsy (SRR3437133), which contains a high proportion of keratinocytes, a specialized type of epithelial cells. We screened the presence of the two sperm-specific genes, PRM1 and OAZ3 (Ornithine Decarboxylase Antizyme 3) (Jodar et al. 2016), and two genes of somatic cell origin PTPRC (expressed in most somatic cells) and KRT1 (Keratin 1), which is specific from keratinocytes. For data visualization, SMARTer mapped bam files were indexed with SAMtools v.1.3.0 (Li et al. 2009) and uploaded into the IGV viewer (Thorvaldsdóttir et al. 2013). We used a manual script to extract RNA levels of tissue-specific genes as described in (Jodar et al. 2016) as an ultimately control for RNA purity.