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Decidualization Resistance
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Irene Muñoz-Blat, Nerea Castillo-Marco, Teresa Cordero, Carlos Simón, Tamara Garrido-Gómez
Our transcriptomic results revealed altered gene expression during in vitro decidualization of hESCs from former patients with sPE. Among the 129 genes with altered expression, the gene encoding Annexin A2 (ANXA2) was further analyzed (26). This gene is associated with the first steps of embryo adhesion during the implantation process (48). ANXA2 is widely expressed in the placenta and its defective activity could cause fibrinolytic deficiency linked with increasing thrombosis and PE predisposition (49). We studied the role of ANXA2 in defective decidualization to evaluate its potential for being a maternal biomarker for sPE prediction (50). Deficient decidualization was detected in an in vitro model using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for ANXA2 in hESCs from control individuals. In addition, blocking ANXA2 expression during pregnancy in an in vivo knockout mouse model resulted in deficient implantation and placentation. Thus, these results support the occurrence of decidualization resistance in women with sPE at the time of delivery and propose ANXA2 as a possible biomarker to determine the risk of PE (50). Together, these results support the maternal contribution to PE.
Penile Cancer
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Hussain M. Alnajjar, Asif Muneer
Recent work by Calmon and associates found a link between the HPV 16 related E6 protein and the ANXA1 gene. ANXA1 is one of the Annexin super family proteins involved with differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation and inflammation. It is proposed that E6 can interfere with the regulation of expression of genes by interacting and binding to TNF alpha-receptor 1, FAS-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and Caspase 8 and via degradation of pro-apoptotic BAX and BAK. Other recognised risk factors include smoking, increasing age >60 years, poor personal hygiene, phimosis (present in 25% of penile cancer patients), PUVA therapy, BXO or lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. The exact pathologic role of chronic inflammatory conditions like BXO in the aetiology of penile cancer remains largely unknown.
Molecular Imaging in Individualized Cancer Management
Published in Brian Leyland-Jones, Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer, 2020
David M. Schuster, Diego R. Martin
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an elementary process of life that maintains homeostasis. Apoptosis is physiologic and is different from necrosis, which is pathologic, often eliciting an inflammatory reaction. Successful chemotherapy increases apoptosis and enhances the uptake of annexin in the tumor. As the tumor becomes necrotic, the uptake of annexin reduces. PET and SPECT imaging with radiolabeled annexin have been used to assess apoptosis (58–61).
Annexin A1 Promotes Reparative Angiogenesis and Ameliorates Neuronal Injury in Ischemic Retinopathy
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Qiaoyan Hui, Fengwei Zheng, Li Qin, Cheng Pei
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a 37-kDa calcium-dependent phospholipid-linked protein that is known to play a role in inflammation, angiogenesis, and immune response. And ANXA1 is a critical anti-inflammatory protein in the vascular formation due to deficiency of ANXA1 exhibit an exaggerated inflammatory responses in blood vessels.6 In myocardial ischemic mouse model, the expression of ANXA1 significantly increased, and ANXA1 preserved myocardial function via decreasing expression of pro-inflammatory molecules like interleukin (IL)-1β and TNF-α after myocardial ischemia.7,8 ANXA1 peptide exhibited protective effect via down-regulating the leukocyte recruitment and up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 releasing into lung tissue after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in mice.9 Besides, study indicated that endogenous ANXA1 induced angiogenesis in the skin.10 Despite decades of research, the function for ANXA1 on retinal angiogenesis in ischemic retinopathy has been ill established.
Multi-omics reveals novel prognostic implication of SRC protein expression in bladder cancer and its correlation with immunotherapy response
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Wenhao Xu, Aihetaimujiang Anwaier, Chunguang Ma, Wangrui Liu, Xi Tian, Maierdan Palihati, Xiaoxin Hu, Yuanyuan Qu, Hailiang Zhang, Dingwei Ye
This study first identified landscape of novel prognostic protein signatures in the discovering dataset based on large-scale RPPA data (n = 340). Next, potential integrated prognosis-related proteins (IPRPs) model (including BECLIN, PKCALPHA, EGFR, ANNEXIN1, AXL and SRC) was constructed to assess the survival risk score of bladder cancer. BECLIN is identified as a necessary autophagy protein, which has been proved to play an essential role in BECLIN ± mice tumour inhibition [42]. PKCALPHA involved in mediating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In the process of cell function regulation, it interacts with many proto-oncogenes [43]. The expression and activation of EGFR are related to many precancerous lesions and malignant tumours [44], and is associated with malignancy of at least 33–50% of human epithelial tumours [45]. In addition, EGFR has been considered to be the carcinogenic driver of NSCLC and predicts TKI inhibitors therapy responses [46]. ANNEXIN1 is a member of the ANNEXIN protein superfamily, which not only has a very clear anti-inflammatory effect, but also plays an important role in apoptosis [47]. Importantly, ANNEXIN1 has been proved to be a key regulator of adaptive immunity through its ability to control T cell activation and autoimmune diseases [48]. Next, the overexpression of AXL is found closely related to cell proliferation, migration and invasion by activating carcinogenic signalling pathways, including PI3K/Akt and/or MAPK/Erk [49].
Evaluation of xenon, light-emitting diode (LED) and halogen light toxicity on cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Taha Sezer, Muhammed Altinisik, Eray Metin Guler, Abdurrahim Kocyigit, Hakan Ozdemir, Arif Koytak
Apoptosis rate was assessed using an Annexin V Human Apoptosis Detection Kit (Ebioscience BMS500FI/100, Waltham, MA) and flow cytometry with FL1 and FL2 filters. Flow cytometry enables the detection of early and late apoptosis rates by the following mechanism6. The first sign in the early apoptosis process is the migration of phosphatidylserine from the inner surface of the cell membrane toward the outer surface. Annexin V is a Ca-dependent phospholipid-binding protein with high affinity for phosphatidylserine. Binding annexin V on the cell surface is a marker of early apoptosis. Intracellular uptake of propidium iodide in addition to the annexin V binding by phosphatidylserine is an indicator that the cell is in late apoptosis. The results were automatically calculated by the flow cytometer device.