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Radiation Damage of Other Organ Systems
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
In addition, the concentrating ability of the kidney fell before the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased. In these animals, both the GFR and the renal plasma flow (RPF) were markedly reduced. A decrease in renal cortex alkaline phosphatase activity after irradiation (600–2400 R) may not be due to the direct effect of irradiation on the kidney, since local irradiation of the kidney with similar doses did not produce any change in the enzyme activity.1 The kidneys of three dogs with unilateral nephrectomy were exposed to 2010, 2750, and 3780 R in 13 weeks. Functional impairment consisting of p-aminohippuric acid (Tm-PAH) depression, deficient insulin clearance, and reduced renal blood flow was also observed. Radiation-induced renal atrophy was characterized by scarring.
Renal Function in Hyperthermia
Published in Leopold J. Anghileri, Jacques Robert, Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment, 2019
Several investigators have observed a decrease in the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) as measured by the renal clearance of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) during hyperthermia.1,36,47,70,76,82 The glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as determined by the renal clearance of inulin or creatinine, is also diminished.12,35,36,47,62,70,82 Although the clearance of creatinine from blood is diminished during hyperthermia, the amount of creatinine in the urine may be increased due to enhanced creatinine release into blood from enhanced muscle metabolism. In this regard Parks and Smith have observed an increased urinary excretion of creatinine67 and Bull et al.12 have found increased plasma creatinine levels in patients undergoing therapeutic hyperthermia. By field et al.15 have reviewed clearance measurements reported in the older literature.
Principles of Radioiodination and Iodine-Labeled Tracers in Biomedical Investigation †
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
Mrinal K. Dewanjee, Shyam A. Rao
Compounds of similar chemical structure and properties are used in renal function studies. p-Aminohippuric acid is one of the commonly used radioiodinated compounds for renal studies. There are very few minor differences in the clearance rates of o-iodohippuric acid and p-aminohippuric acid because of the presence of small amounts of free radioactive iodine, protein binding, uptake of red blood cells, tubular transport, etc.
Renal tubular transporter-mediated interactions between mirogabalin and cimetidine in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2023
Naotoshi Yamamura, Tomoki Imaoka, Misa Hoshi, Makiko Yamada, Ken-ichi Itokawa
In the present study, the intrarenal (kidney and cortex) concentration of [14C]mirogabalin reflected by radioactivity was measured in rats treated with [14C]mirogabalin and cimetidine infused intravenously at a constant rate. Based on the hypothesis described above, the intrarenal concentration of [14C]mirogabalin was used as instead of the intracellular concentration of [14C]mirogabalin in renal proximal tubular cells. Plasma and urinary concentrations of [14C]mirogabalin were also measured, and renal excretion rate (ER), CLr, renal clearance with respect to the intrarenal concentration (CLr/Ckidney), and systemic plasma clearance (CLt) were calculated. We also investigated the effects of cimetidine on the renal disposition of [14C]metformin as rat (r)Oct2 and rMate1 probe (Kimura et al. 2005; Terada et al. 2006) and [3H]p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) as rOat1, rOat3, and rMrp2 probe (Liu et al. 2012).
Assessment of drug-drug interactions of CC-90001, a potent and selective inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Zeen Tong, Allison Gaudy, Daniel Tatosian, Francisco Ramirez-Valle, Hong Liu, Jian Chen, Matthew Hoffmann, Sekhar Surapaneni
CC-90001 was also assessed for inhibitory potential on OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 using transporter-expressing cell lines. Incubations with prototypical substrates [3H]p-aminohippuric acid (PAH, 1 µM) for OAT1 (2 min), [3H]estrone sulphate (ES, 50 nM) for OAT3 (2 min), [14C]metformin (10 µM) for OCT2 (5 min), and [3H]Estradiol 17β-D-glucuronide (E217βG, 50 nM) for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 (2 min) were performed in the presence or absence of CC-90001 (0.1, 0.3, 3, 10, 30 and 100 µM). Known inhibitors of each transporter (100 µM probenecid for OAT1 and OAT3, 300 µM quinidine for OCT2, and 10 µM rifampicin for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3) were included as positive controls. In studies using radiolabeled drugs and reagents, radioactivity was measured using a Tricarb 4910TR liquid scintillation counting (LSC) (PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT).
Novel plasma metabolite markers of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder identified using high-performance chemical isotope labelling-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2021
Liang-Jen Wang, Wen-Jiun Chou, Ching-Shu Tsai, Min-Jing Lee, Sheng-Yu Lee, Chia-Wei Hsu, Pei-Chun Hsueh, Chih-Ching Wu
The relationships between the nine metabolites and ADHD characteristics are listed in Table 4. Levels of O-phosphoethanolamine were positively correlated with H/I scores rated by parents and all I, H/I, and O scores rated by teachers. 4-aminohippuric acid levels were positively correlated with I and H/I scores rated by parents and I scores rated by teachers. 5-hydroxylysine levels were positively correlated with I and H/I scores rated by teachers. L-cystine levels were positively correlated with I and H/I scores rated by parents and all I, H/I, and O scores rated by teachers. Tryptophyl-phenylalanine levels were negatively correlated with all I, H/I, and O scores rated by parents and O scores rated by teachers. Gentisic acid levels were negatively correlated with I scores rated by teachers.