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Gut Microbiota—Specific Food Design
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Aparna V. Sudhakaran, Himanshi Solanki
Coelho et al. [13] also reported that the N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have a neutral effect or in turn a beneficial effect as it increases Bifidobac- terium, Adlercreutzia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Desulfovibrio, and Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia muciniphila) in the gut. There are many areas to be explored like the effect of lipids in transforming the microbiota in the large intestine, the effect of fatty acid composition in the diet, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio and its impact in humans, etc. More in-depth research can throw light on how lipids can have an impact on gut microbiota.
Bacteriophage Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Neurodegenerative pathologies, and Alzheimer’s, in particular, are known to be associated with alterations in gut microbiota that influence central nervous system function through the gut-brain axis. Previous studies have identified the number of gut bacteria that were differentially abundant between Alzheimer’s and control patients. These studies showed that certain families—Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Turicibacteraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, the Bifidobacterium and Adlercreutzia genera, SMB53, Dialister, Clostridium, and Turicibacter—were all less abundant in Alzheimer’s. Conversely, other kinds of bacteria were more abundant in Alzheimer’s gut samples compared to controls, including Alistipes, Bacteroides, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Gemella, and pro-inflammatory E. coli and Shigella spp.20,60
Deficiency of PSRC1 accelerates atherosclerosis by increasing TMAO production via manipulating gut microbiota and flavin monooxygenase 3
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Tiantian Luo, Zhigang Guo, Dan Liu, Zhongzhou Guo, Qiao Wu, Qinxian Li, Rongzhan Lin, Peier Chen, Caiwen Ou, Minsheng Chen
In addition, the effect of PSRC1 deletion on other bacterial species and metabolites likewise indicated that PSRC1 is a protective factor. For example, A. muciniphila, Mucispirillum and Adlercreutzia were markedly depleted in the gut of DKO mice. A. muciniphila, as a next-generation beneficial microbe, has reduced plasma cholesterol and inflammation levels, improved insulin sensitivity and ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion areas in animal and human studies.36Adlercreutzia inhibits hyperlipidemia and obesity,37 while Mucispirillum plays a role in inhibiting inflammation.38 Conversely, the enriched genus Helicobacter may become an opportunistic pathogen, which would cause pro-inflammatory cytokine production and hyperlipidemia.39 PSRC1 deletion also activates urease and its accessory protein UreE and enriches the proton-gated inner membrane channel protein UreI, all of which favor H. pylori survival in acidic environments. ArgG, a gene encoding argininosuccinate synthase, is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme involved in arginine synthesis and the uric acid cycle.40 The sequencing data showed that PSRC1 deletion downregulated ArgG levels, which may reduce the tolerance of beneficial bacteria to acid stress and thus inhibit growth performance.
Pre-colonization with the commensal fungus Candida albicans reduces murine susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection
Published in Gut Microbes, 2018
Laura Markey, Lamyaa Shaban, Erin R. Green, Katherine P. Lemon, Joan Mecsas, Carol A. Kumamoto
The normalized abundance of the 28 genera was compared between Cd-challenged mice with or without C. albicans or IL-17A using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test (Table S1). Of the 28 genera that met the criterion for analysis, 7 exhibited a statistically significant difference between at least two of the three experimental groups (Fig. 4C and bold text within Table S1). These included the abundant genera Akkermansia sp. (phylum Verrucomicrobia) and Sutterella sp. (phylum Proteobacteria) and the relatively rare genera Bifidobacterium sp. (phylum Actinobacteria), Adlercreutzia sp. (phylum Actinobacteria), and unidentified genera within the family Comamonadaceae (phylum Proteobacteria), the family Erysipelotrichaceae (phylum Firmicutes) and the family S24-7 (phylum Bacteroidetes).
Gut microbiota in mucosa and feces of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome patients
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Hana Čipčić Paljetak, Anja Barešić, Marina Panek, Mihaela Perić, Mario Matijašić, Ivana Lojkić, Ana Barišić, Darija Vranešić Bender, Dina Ljubas Kelečić, Marko Brinar, Mirjana Kalauz, Marija Miličević, Dora Grgić, Nikša Turk, Irena Karas, Silvija Čuković-Čavka, Željko Krznarić, Donatella Verbanac
Depletion of SCFA producing bacteria is associated with aberrant immune responses and impaired intestinal barrier integrity.22,49 Decrease in butyrate-producers (e.g. Clostridium cluster XIVa genera Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea and Roseburia, as well as F. prausnitzii and Anaerostipes) with concomitant expansion of Proteobacteria is often reported in IBD and IBS patients.17,18,44,47,50 In feces of IBD patients from our cohort, we observed a significant reduction of Anaerostipes genus, but the effect of F. prausnitzii reduction was small, although the reduction of F. prausnitzii, Roseburia and Ruminococcus was previously reported in feces of treatment-naïve adult CD patients.51F. prausnitzii was depleted in mucosa of IBD patients with active disease,27,30,52 but this trend was not replicated in our study, as biopsies of healthy controls were not available for comparison. Still, lower abundance of other butyrate producers was found in biopsies of UC patients. Reduction of A. muciniphila, a constituent of healthy microbiota important for the maintenance of mucus layer,53,54 was observed in feces of IBD and mucosa of CD patients. Significant decrease of Adlercreutzia found in feces of CD and UC supports recent observations in UC patients.40,42Adlerkreutzia genus metabolizes isoflavones, phenolic compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties,55 so its reduction may promote inflammation. In addition, we also observed a previously unreported decrease of Adlerkreutzia in mucosa of CD patients.