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Adipose Tissue as an Important Body Organ
Published in Roy J. Shephard, Obesity: A Kinesiologist’s Perspective, 2018
Acylation-stimulating protein. Acylation-stimulating protein increases insulin secretion. It is also important in the storage of fat, apparently reacting with a specific adipose tissue receptor to trigger an intracellular pathway that stimulates triglyceride synthesis and storage [16].
Pharmacy Organizations
Published in William N. Kelly, Pharmacy, 2018
The ASP is an international group that brings together men and women dedicated to the promotion, growth, and development not only of pharmacognosy but also of all aspects of those sciences related to and dealing in natural products.
Weight Loss by Surgical Intervention
Published in Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Karim Kheniser, Sangeeta Kashyap, Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is favored by the majority of surgeons because it incurs favorable weight-independent changes to metabolic parameters. Although some evidence contraindicates the sentiment that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has a dampening effect on ghrelin secretion (Holdstock et al. 2003; Karamanakos et al. 2008), the incurred positive effects on metabolic parameters have been shown to be partially mediated by attenuated gastroduodenal secretion of ghrelin (i.e., override inhibition), which may necessitate a vagotomy along with transection of the fundus (Williams et al. 2003). The discordant results with respect to ghrelin secretion can be due to divergent surgical techniques and/or retrograde nutriment flow through the short biliopancreatic limb (Cummings, Overduin, and Foster-Schubert 2004; Holdstock et al. 2003). Also contributory to its positive metabolic effects are increases in postprandial enteroinsular (principally glucagon-like peptide-1), peptide YY (Cummings et al. 2002; Faraj et al. 2003; Kashyap et al. 2013; Le Roux et al. 2006), and anorexigenic adipokines such as adiponectin, while the pro-lipogenic hormone, acylation-stimulating protein, is decreased (Faraj et al. 2003; Holdstock et al. 2003). Congruently, not only has Roux-en-Y gastric bypass been demonstrated to alter gut hormone and enteroinsular secretion, but the small bowel microbial milieu may be altered to where it would favor enhanced motility (Zhang et al. 2009).
Hepatic susceptibility to oxidative damage after repeated concomitant exposure to aspartame and aflatoxin B1 in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Naieli Schiefelbein Souto, Micheli Dassi, Ana Cláudia Monteiro Braga, Érica Vanessa Furlan Rosa, Michele Rechia Fighera, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes, Mauro Schneider Oliveira, Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari, Ana Flávia Furian
All treatments (AFB1, ASP and association) increased TBARS content in liver, while only the concomitant administration of AFB1 + ASP this parameter in renal tissue (Table 1). Corroborating with those finding, the non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses showed an imbalance caused by the treatments. The Vit C content was reduced in liver after AFB1, ASP and AFB1+ASP treatments, while kidneys had no statistical difference among the groups (Table 1). The hepatic and renal NPSH content was also evaluated (Table 1). AFB1, ASP and their association reduced NPSH content in liver, but only the group of animals that received AFB1+ASP showed a decrease in renal NPSH levels. Furthermore, AFB1 and ASP decreased FRAP content in liver when compared to control group (Table 1). The combination of AFB1+ASP reduced FRAP levels compared to all other groups in both liver and kidneys. Renal FRAP levels were diminished only by AFB1 exposure. It is important to highlight that the statistical evaluation revealed significant main effects (ASP and AFB1) and interaction (ASP × AFB1) to all aforementioned parameters in hepatic tissue, while it was not observed to kidney samples.
Evaluation of the genotoxicity and teratogenicity of xylan using different model approaches
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Guangqiu Qin, Yuqiu Gao, Pingjing Wen, Guiqiang Liang, Peng Zhao, Baiqing Dong, Song Tang, Kamran Shekh
Xylans play an important role in the effects of dietary fibers in humans and many animals (Asp et al.1993, Baghurst et al.1996). Absorption and distribution of minerals could be affected by dietary xylans (Jiang 1986). The addition of xylans to diets has been shown to influence growth performance in animals such as chickens, pigs, and flatfish (Choct et al. 1996, Morel et al. 2001, Hu et al.2015). In addition, xylans possess multifunctional properties such as lowering of cholesterol level (Hashi and Takeshita 1975, Jonnalagadda et al. 1993), decreasing postprandial glucose and insulin responses (Ebringerová and Hromádková 1999), modulating immune system (Bukovsky et al.1998), anticoagulant and antiproliferative activities (Melosilveira et al. 2011).
Histopathological and ultrastructural study of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: a study of four cases
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2021
Ru Yong-xin, Zhang Xue-bin, Dong Shu-xu, Zhang Yongqiang, Li Ying, Liu Jing, Gao Ying-dai, Shang Hong-Cai, Brian Eyden
Any understanding of the detailed mechanisms of the process of ASP formation must in part be predicated on an identification of the cell-types that participated in fatty-degeneration and cholesterol accumulation in end-stage atherosclerosis. To this objective, in this study, we identified and located the foam cells, VSMCs and other kinds of lipid-laden cells in carotid atherosclerotic plaques (CAPs) from four patients, by light microscopy of wax-embedded sections and resin-embedded sections, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on ultrathin sections and immunostaining of alpha-smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA). The results of this study could help us better understand the concepts such as dedifferentiation, degeneration, senescence, apoptosis and necrosis in atherosclerosis from histopathological and morphological perspectives.