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Cytoskeletons (F-actin) and spermatogenesis
Published in C. Yan Cheng, Spermatogenesis, 2018
Liza O’Donnell, Peter G. Stanton
During early spermiogenesis, round spermatids develop the acrosome, a vesicle containing proteolytic enzymes required to penetrate and fertilize the oocyte. Acrosome development involves F-actin dynamics, as the acrosome fails to spread across the nucleus after treatment with cytochalasin D.18 Acrosome development is accomplished by F-actin–rich structures present in the subacrosomal space; these structures have been termed the acroplaxome (an actin-based scaffold that anchors the acrosome to the nuclear membrane) and the marginal ring (an actin-rich structure at the leading edge of the spreading acrosome).47,48 The acrosome arises from vesicles in the Golgi; these vesicles coalesce and spread across the nuclear surface in a process facilitated by the actin motor myosin Va together with its receptor RAB27A/B.49 Proteins involved in the regulation of F-actin dynamics are present in the subacrosomal space and acroplaxome and may regulate acrosome development, including FerT, profilin III and IV, and phosphorylated cofilin, reviewed in Kierszenbaum et al. 2007.47
New insights into sperm with total globozoospermia: Increased fatty acid oxidation and centrin1 alteration
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Elena Moretti, Giulia Collodel, Maria Cristina Salvatici, Giuseppe Belmonte, Cinzia Signorini
These proteins, hypo-expressed in globozoospermia, play a key-role in the development, attachment of acrosome to acroplaxome and expansion of acrosome around the spermatid nucleus. A recent study (Ricci et al. 2015) described new morphological alterations associated with globozoospermia such as coiled tail around the head that represents a crucial step of defective sperm maturation, as demonstrated in male mice whose gene encoding Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein was deleted (Yao et al. 2002). The same study suggested that defective maturation process, leading to roundheaded sperm, could include the progressive coiling of the flagellum around the nucleus up to the stage in which the flagellum is totally wrapped around the head.