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Phytoconstituent-Based Nanotherapeutics as Ocular Delivery Systems
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Mohammed Jafar, Syed Sarim Imam, Syed Azizullah Ghori
Presently, the use of invasive procedures and topical administration of drugs in the form of ocular gel, ointment, etc., to the posterior and anterior regions of the eye is the only available option for managing these disorders. Yet, posterior side topical drug delivery abides a point of confrontation because of diverse effluence systems and organic impediments, like nasolacrimal drainage, tear clearance, the cornea, conjunctiva, and scleral barriers. The current advancement in the field of nanotechnology and nano-drug studies, laid down a great provision and access by overwhelming the restrictions of the conventional treatments, due to their protecting capability for encapsulated medications that ease their transport to a particular spot of tissue (Weng et al., 2017; Kaur and Kakkar, 2014). Additionally, nanoparticles aids as a favorable vehicle for topical drug delivery systems due to prolonged drug duration, higher drug absorbency beyond the barriers, and posterior area drug delivery via restrained rate (Delplace et al., 2015). Varied nano-vehicles such as lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, emulsions, spanlastics, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, layered double hydroxides (LDH), dendrimers, cyclodextrins, and pro-active medication with built-in quality has been employed in order to achieve and devise a novel formulation optimization designs in case of topical administration of posterior eye (Madni et al., 2017).
Innovations and Future Prospects of Dermal Delivery Systems
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Rashmi Upasani, Anushree Herwadkar, Neha Singh, Ajay K. Banga
Transdermal delivery offers a promising alternative route of administration overcoming caveats associated with conventional oral drug administration such as gastrointestinal side effects as well as avoiding patient compliance concerns associated with parenteral administration. Topical drug delivery is widely being investigated for treatment of localized skin conditions. Recent developments in formulation and drug delivery systems have enhanced the scope of transdermal and topical drug delivery. Innovations in topical formulations such as foams, sprays and lecithin organogels have resulted in the availability of cosmetically elegant formulations which can be used for molecules having diverse physicochemical properties, Similarly, recent innovations in patch dosage forms such as crystal reservoir technology have allowed a better control over a desired pattern of drug release. The gel-matrix adhesive system offers improvements in tolerability and wear properties of transdermal patches. Physical enhancement techniques such as iontophoresis, microporation, sonophoresis and microneedles have expanded the scope of transdermal delivery to hydrophilic molecules as well as macromolecules. The growth of cosmeceutical industry has offered a variety of products to cleanse and beautify skin. Various nanocarriers are also being widely investigated for enhancing dermal permeation of molecules and stabilizing drugs during transdermal and topical delivery.
Development of Ethosome Formulation for Topical Therapeutic Applications
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Mansoureh Nazari Vishkaei, Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
Different types of therapeutic compounds are covered by drugs that are intended for topical/cutaneous administration. Though they need totally modified chemical structures, they retain specific physical and chemical properties like high lipophilicity and poor aqueous solubility. It is a challenge for formulation scientists to make sure of the delivery rate and range of drug are satisfactory to achieve effective concentrations locally in an exceedingly affordable timeframe and provide sustained and efficient pharmacological action (Sharmin, 2016). Topical drug delivery is often outlined as the application of a drug containing formulation to the skin to treat cutaneous disorders directly. The topical drug delivery system is mostly used wherever alternative routes (like oral, sublingual, rectal, parental) of drug administration fails or in local skin infection such as a fungal infection (Davis et al., 2003).
Therapeutic applications of contact lens-based drug delivery systems in ophthalmic diseases
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Lianghui Zhao, Jike Song, Yongle Du, Cong Ren, Bin Guo, Hongsheng Bi
Topical drug delivery is the most widely preferred route of drug administration to treat ophthalmic diseases such as keratitis, conjunctivitis, dry eye disease, glaucoma, uveitis and so on. To date, there are multifarious forms of traditional ophthalmic drugs, and approximately 90% of drugs are administered in the form of eye drops (Patel et al., 2013). Owing to the complicated structure of eye, lipophilicity of corneal epithelium, defense mechanisms, bonding of drug with proteins contained in tears, enzymolysis, and metabolism, traditional ophthalmic drugs have disadvantages such as low bioavailability and potential drug side effects. In addition, many patients (especially elderly patients) have difficulties in correctly instilling the eye drops, which can reduce the efficiency of the drug and even lead to potential contamination of a chronically used bottle. All these factors limit their development (Table 1) (Stone et al., 2009; Hennessy et al., 2010; Toda et al., 2011; Ali et al., 2016; Awwad et al., 2017; Mutlu et al., 2019; Akhter et al., 2022).
Carbopol emulgel loaded with ebastine for urticaria: development, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Barkat Ali Khan, Arshad Ali, Khaled M. Hosny, Abdulrahman A. Halwani, Alshaimaa M. Almehmady, Muhammad Iqbal, Waleed S. Alharbi, Walaa A. Abualsunun, Rana B. Bakhaidar, Samar S. A. Murshid, Muhammad Khalid Khan
A topical drug delivery system is used frequently for many skin disorders, including local skin infections, wounds, and allergies. It is especially useful when other routes are less effective or can be associated with severe systemic side effects (Tanwar & Jain, 2012). Several dosage forms are available for topical applications, such as creams, ointments, gels, lotions, and emulgels. However, an emulgel has several advantages. For instance, it is hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic; it can be delivered via an emulgel system; and it is more stable than other topical formulations such as creams, which can break down, and ointments, which can become rancid (Hosny et al., 2019). Additionally, it avoids a first-pass effect, easy to apply, avoids the inconveniences associated with intravenous therapy, avoids fluctuations in drug levels, and can deliver drugs selectively to a targeted area. As it is a noninvasive technique, it eliminates the need for nursing and hospitalization and improves patient compliance (Dannert et al., 2019).
Emulgel: an effective drug delivery system
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Maria Talat, Muhammad Zaman, Rahima Khan, Muhammad Jamshaid, Muneeba Akhtar, Agha Zeeeshan Mirza
Following are the different types of topical drug delivery systems that are being widely used around the world.Solid: Solid topical dosage forms being used are powders, plasters, etc.Semi-solid: Semi-solid dosage forms being used are ointments, creams, poultices, gels, pastes, etc.Liquid: Liquid dosage forms being used are tinctures, emulsions, paints, lotions, etc.Miscellaneous: Miscellaneous dosage forms being used are topical aerosol, gauzes, rubbing alcohols, liquid cleansers, tapes, etc. [25].