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The Roman Empire
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
Still, avoiding the kissers was no easy task, even in cases when you had a skin disease: It is impossible, Flaccus, to avoid the kissers.They press upon you, they delay you, they pursue you, they run against you,on all sides, from every direction, and in every place.No malignant ulcer will protect you from them,no inflamed pimples, or diseased chin, or ugly tetter,or lips smeared with oily cerate,or drop at the cold nose.47
The late Middle Ages
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
An alternative name for wax is ‘cere’ or ‘cerate’ which means a paste or stiff ointment containing wax (Latin cera, wax). A ‘cerecloth’ was a cloth dipped in melted wax that was impregnated with medicinal herbs and was applied to various parts of the body. There were many forms of ‘cerecloths’ including ceratum de galbano which contained asafetida, bdellium, galbanum, myrrh and other herbs and was used to treat maternal convulsions and retained placental products after childbirth (Culpeper, 1654 pp. 314–6). Other ‘cerecloths’ were ceratum oesypatum, ceratum santalinum and Galen’s unguentum refrigerans all of which were used to treat women’s disorders.
The Medicina Plinii Translation
Published in Yvette Hunt, The Medicina Plinii, 2019
However, all sores of the head, after they were cleansed, are made to scar over most pleasantly by this cerate. A libra of crushed and sifted litharge; one libra of ground white lead; a libra of white wax is melted in a libra of rose oil and cooled; then it is smoothed and mixed with the litharge and white lead.
Insights into gastrointestinal microbiota-generated ginsenoside metabolites and their bioactivities
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Li Yang, Hecun Zou, Yongchao Gao, Junjia Luo, Xiaonv Xie, Wenhui Meng, Honghao Zhou, Zhirong Tan
Gastrointestinal microbiota acts as an ‘invisible organ’ in humans that affect drug efficacy, toxicity, and bioavailability, indicating that the gastrointestinal microbiota play an important role in drug metabolism. Moreover, this review provides new insight into novel drugs discovery. In the process of screening new drugs, candidates should not be excluded, because of low activity and bioavailability, as their metabolites may exhibit good pharmacological effect following the action of the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, in further research to discover probiotics, a combination of agents could be used to exert greater efficacy than single agents. Moreover, differences in lifestyle and diets cerate inter-individual variations in the gastrointestinal microbiota of humans. Consequently, administration of the same dose drug could exhibit differences in therapeutic effects because of differences in the gastrointestinal microbiota. Therefore, testing the gastrointestinal microbiota of individuals, before drug treatment would be expedient as this would allow ginsenoside administration based on the characteristics of both the microbiota and the ginsenosides. This would further facilitate the use of specific drug regimens based on the gastrointestinal microbiota–drug interaction, helping meet the clinical requirements of individuals for improved medication use and treatment efficacy.