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Systemic Diseases and the Skin
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Jana Kazandjieva, Razvigor Darlenski, Nikolai Tsankov
Management: Oral lifelong zinc supplementation given daily, which leads to dramatic disappearance of the symptoms within a few days. The recommendation is of one dose between 1–3 mg/kg/day of elemental zinc. Zinc sulfate is preferred and most tolerated oral formulation—4 mg of zinc sulfate contains about 1 mg of elemental zinc. Zinc chloride is preferred for parenteral supplementation.
Cellular Injury Associated with Organ Cryopreservation: Chemical Toxicity and Cooling Injury
Published in John J. Lemasters, Constance Oliver, Cell Biology of Trauma, 2020
Gregory M. Fahy, Carla da Mouta, Latchezar Tsonev, Bijan S. Khirabadi, Patrick Mehl, Harold T. Meryman
We decided to examine the possibility that cooling injury involves the induction of apoptosis based on the observation of Nagle et al.43 that the cooling of V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts resulted in a rapid onset of apoptosis that was fully blocked by prior exposure of the cells to zinc sulfate. We therefore exposed kidney slices to either zinc sulfate or the more permeable zinc chloride to determine the effects on electrolyte transport ability after recovery from –30°C. Either the zinc was present at 25°C prior to cryoprotectant exposure, as in the experiment of Nagle et al., or it was added to the cryoprotectant solutions used prior to cooling, or both. The results, which are given in Table 6, were negative. Not only did zinc not block cooling injury in the kidney, but zinc pretreatment at 25°C, as suggested by Nagle et al., was actually detrimental.
Standardization of Herbal Drugs
Published in Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf, Fingerprinting Analysis and Quality Control Methods of Herbal Medicines, 2018
Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf
Add 1–2 drops of iodinated zinc chloride TS and allow to stand for a few minutes; alternatively, add 1 drop of iodine (0.1 mol/L), allow to stand for 1 minute, remove excess reagent with a strip of filter paper and add 1 drop of sulfuric acid; cellulose cell walls are stained blue to blue-violet. On the addition of 1–2 drops of cuoxam, the cellulose cell walls will swell and gradually dissolve.
A revisit to the effects of zinc salt on skin burn wound healing to reflect the risks in current pharmaceutical care
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Mohammad Ammar Hakim Osman, Tin Wui Wong, Nor Khaizan Anuar
Lansdown reported that a soluble zinc content as low as 404 μg/cm2 of skin would induce skin irritation (4). In the present study, the use of 0.1 ml 0.01% (w/w) zinc chloride solution was translated to the application of 10.5 μg soluble zinc/cm2 of skin. A reduction of applied soluble zinc content by approximately 38 times was not able to reduce the irritant effects. With reference to Calamine lotion formulated with 3% (w/w) zinc oxide, 2256 μg zinc will be made available onto 1 cm2 of skin, assuming that 1 g of cream spreads up to 100 cm2 of skin (10). A minute fraction of zinc oxide was envisaged to dissolve in the biological milieu to provide soluble zinc that irritated the skin. Indeed, Calamine-related products have been reported to exert allergic contact dermatitis (11). The Olay complete defense moisturizing lotion, formulated with zinc oxide, likewise had been recently reported to cause itching (12). Other zinc-containing products, such as medicated shampoo of zinc pyrithione and Zineryt® topical solution of zinc acetate/erythromycin, had also induced pruritic rash, stinging face and itchy skin (13,14). Zinc oxide could possibly hydrolyze under acidic moisture of skin to release soluble zinc. Similar reactions could have taken place when zinc acetate and zinc pyrithione were concerned. The zinc oxide is available as rod, sphere, flake, needle, star-like and others, and in a variety of sizes (0.02–200 μm) (15,16). Though it is considered as a relatively safe metal oxide, the toxicity of zinc oxide at lower size scales and its soluble fraction is still warranted to be examined (17).
Zinc and selenium modulate barium-induced oxidative stress, cellular injury and membrane-bound ATPase in the cerebellum of adult rats and their offspring during late pregnancy and early postnatal periods
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018
Awatef Elwej, Imen Ghorbel, Mariem Chaabane, Nejla Soudani, Hela Mnif, Tahia Boudawara, Najiba Zeghal, Madiha Sefi
Our study investigated the toxicity of BaCl2 administered via oral route (67 ppm) to adult rats. This dose which corresponded to 1/13 of LD50 (medium lethal dose) was selected on the basis of the previous study of Tardiff et al. (1980). The Na2SeO3 dose (0.5 mg/kg of diet), used by us and in previous findings, protected several tissues against toxicity (Ognjanović et al.2008, Soudani et al.2011). According to Hotz et al. (1997), a lower dose of Se gives less protection while higher doses are not more effective. The dose of zinc chloride (50 mg/kg bw), used in our experiment and previously by Ambali et al. (2010) ensured a good protection against toxicity.
Incorporation of zinc into cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash affects the composition of multispecies biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Willy Bustillos Torrez, Luciene Cristina Figueiredo, Thalita Dias Silva Santos, Geisla Mary Soares, João Marcos Spessoto Pingueiro, Hélio Doyle Pereira da Silva, Zilson Malheiros, Bernal Stewart, Magda Feres, Bruno Bueno-Silva
Zinc is one of the main transition metals with antimicrobial properties, incorporated decades ago in Oral Care products to improve antibacterial properties or even acting as an individual antibacterial agent (Schaeken et al. 1994). The incorporation of 2.5% zinc chloride in mouthwash either alone in the form of chloride or combined with CPC has shown encouraging results (Kang et al. 2015). One double-blind clinical study has demonstrated that the association of zinc lactate (0.14%) and CPC (0.05%) was able to completely reduce anaerobic bacteria in saliva samples (Roldan et al. 2003).