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Allopathic Medicines
Published in Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh, Alternative Medicines for Diabetes Management, 2023
Varma H. Rambaran, Nalini K. Singh
In 2009, Kawamori et al. conducted a study to assess whether voglibose could prevent T2DM from developing in high-risk Japanese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Here, all 1780 eligible subjects received a standard diet and exercise therapy, however out of the total number of patients, 897 were randomly selected to receive voglibose treatment, while the remaining 883 were given a placebo. An interim analysis showed significant favour to treatment with voglibose and notably, more subjects in that group achieved normoglycaemia when compared to those given the placebo (Kawamori, Tajima et al. 2009).
Therapeutic Potential of Anthocyanin Against Diabetes
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Tawheed Amin, H. R. Naik, Bazila Naseer, Syed Zameer Hussain
Therapeutic intervention using some commonly available synthetic anti-diabetic drugs (acarbose, voglibose, miglitol, etc.) have shown encouraging results in the management and treatment of diabetes [69, 70]. Although efficient in preventing the upsurge of blood glucose levels, the intake of these synthetic drugs is associated with the adverse gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances, such as diarrhea, flatulence, cramping, etc. [69]. Due to drug toxicity associated with the intake of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs, the current studies have begun to focus on plant-derived phytomolecules due to their low cost, easy availability/adaptability, less adverse side effects.
Role of Natural Agents in the Management of Diabetes
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Monika Elżbieta Jach, Anna Serefko
Voglibose is also an α-glucosidase inhibitor which has been found to significantly decrease the rapid rise in PPG. Voglibose reduced blood glucose concentration after uptake of maltose, sucrose, and starch but not upon administration of glucose, fructose, and lactose, something that is in accordance with its mechanism of action, wherein it binds to enzymes which break down complex starch and disaccharides into simple sugars. Therefore, voglibose inhibits the hydrolysis of oligo-, di-, and trisaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides, thus lessening the postprandial elevation of blood glucose. Voglibose also demonstrated the diminution of serum insulin and serum glucose concentration (Bedekar et al., 2010; Ritz et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2018). In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, voglibose intake (0.2 mg three times a day) as an addition to lifestyle modification delayed the development of T2DM in individuals with attenuated glucose tolerance (Kawamori et al., 2009; Moelands et al., 2018).
α-Glucosidase inhibition by green, white and oolong teas: in vitro activity and computational studies
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Fabio Esposito, Nicolino Pala, Mauro Carcelli, Samuel T. Boateng, Paolo S. D’Aquila, Alberto Mariani, Sandro Satta, Jean Christopher Chamcheu, Mario Sechi, Vanna Sanna
The prevention of the fast breakdown of sugars, and the control of postprandial hyperglycaemia could have potential anti-diabetic effects and represents an efficient therapeutic approach to manage diabetes mellitus, especially type 21,2. α-glucosidase inhibitors moderate plasma triglycerides levels, cardiovascular disorders, and hypertension risks, reducing glucose and improving body insulin response3–5. Currently, the prescribed α-glucosidase inhibitor drugs, acarbose, miglitol or voglibose, are often associated with side effects such as diarrhoea, flatulence, and abdominal pain, which limit their long-term administration6,7. In this context, plant-based foods or dietary supplements have received particular interest as an alternative approach to α-glucosidase inhibitors due to their low cost, and relative safety, including a low incidence of gastrointestinal side effects6–9.
Considerations when using alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Maka S. Hedrington, Stephen N. Davis
AGIs are administered orally with ‘first bite of major meals’ usually three times daily (can be started once daily and titrated to three times). Initial recommended dose for acarbose and miglitol is 25 mg and for voglibose – 0.2 mg per administration with increase in dose every four to 8 weeks based on PPG, glycosylated hemoglobin and tolerance of the drug. Maximum adult dose for acarbose and miglitol is 100 mg and for voglibose – 0.6 mg three times daily [5]. Safety and efficacy of these medications have been shown to be similar in geriatric and younger adults. Very limited data are available in pediatric populations. Acarbose is pregnancy category B (No evidence of risk in studies); AGIs are not recommended during breastfeeding. The drugs are safe to use in mild to moderate but are not in severe renal impairment. No dosage adjustments of AGIs are necessary in individuals with hepatic impairment.
Voglibose-mediated alterations in neurometabolomic profiles in the hypothalamus of high-fat diet-fed mice
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Soo Jin Yang, Hyun Ju Do, Youngae Jung, Geum-Sook Hwang, Min-Jeong Shin
Voglibose (VO) is a pseudo-carbohydrate that competes with ingested carbohydrate for digestion by alpha-glucosidase.1,2 Because of its competitive inhibitory effect against alpha-glucosidase, VO delays the digestion of carbohydrate and absorption of glucose, and it has been used as an effective oral hypoglycemic agent since the 1990s.3,4 Moreover, VO has protective effects against weight gain, which is an observed side effect of other classes of oral hypoglycemic agents including sulfonylureas.5 VO or acarbose co-treatment with sulfonylureas significantly reduces body weight and body mass index as well as improves glycemic control and lipid profiles in overweight/obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).5 Similar effects were observed on changes in the body weight of Korean subjects with T2D treated with VO or acarbose in addition to insulin or other oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin or sulfonylureas).6