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Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptors and Medical Cannabis
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
While many vaporizers of cannabis oils and flowers are commercially available, devices that allow precise, consistent temperature control are ideal, as different temperatures will release varying combinations of cannabinoids and terpenes. Some experienced cannabis users may report reduced effectiveness because vaporizing lacks cues associated with smoking that may produce an independent placebo effect, but vaporizing appears to deliver cannabinoids at least as well as smoking and better preserves a given varietal’s terpene profile. Multiple clinical trials have shown vaporization to be an effective delivery method for pain management, and a crossover trial of vaporization and smoking found vaporized delivery produced higher blood THC levels and more acute effects at both low and moderate doses.59
Lasers in Medicine: Healing with Light
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
Two conditions must be met for vaporization to occur. First, the tissue must have been heated to at least the boiling point of water, and maintained at that temperature for some time. The amount of time needed for vaporization to occur is controlled by the amount of energy needed to vaporize a given volume of material. This is determined by the energy needed to disrupt all of the associations between neighboring molecules of water to convert them into isolated gas molecules. The amount of energy required for different tissues depends upon their varying water contents. This energy is called the heat of vaporization. Second, very short exposure times and high power densities must be used so there is no time for the heat to flow outward before enough energy has been delivered to vaporize the entire targeted region (Table 3.3and Figure 3.18b). When these conditions have been met, layers of tissue can be vaporized completely, with enough heat flowing to a thin surrounding region to coagulate it. A delicate balance must hold in laser surgery using photovaporization, since unlike a scalpel, the laser beam can cut deeply beyond its apparent extent if too high a power density is used.
Cannabis Pharmacology
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Smoking is not a defensible delivery approach for medicine. Vaporization is appropriate for situations in which a quick intervention is needed, such as pain paroxysm or impending seizure. More appropriate for chronic conditions are cannabis tinctures and oral preparations that allow prolonged effects, less frequent dosing, and the avoidance of intoxication, reinforcement, and peaks and valleys of activity.
Differences in those who prefer smoking cannabis to other consumption forms for mental health: what can be learned to promote safer methods of consumption?
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2023
Lindsay A. Lo, Caroline A. MacCallum, Jade C. Yau, Alasdair M. Barr
In conclusion, smoking cannabis was highly prevalent within this sample of dispensary medical cannabis users. Education can be a key tool for smoking harm-reduction. In those who prefer smoking cannabis, intent and patterns of use may be more similar to recreational users. As such, education on tactics for optimal symptom control (e.g. utilizing CBD) with less harmful methods (e.g. dried flower vaporization) is necessary.11 Information on the benefits of vaporizers should be more widely available. Finally, medical cannabis users should be encouraged to seek continual support from a knowledgeable healthcare provider where education and guidance can be provided. In a sample of authorized medical cannabis users in Canada under the care of a healthcare provider, vaporization was the most popular mode of administration.12 The main reported reason for vaporization use was to reduce negative health consequences associated with smoking. This aligns with what is seen clinically, when education and guidance is provided. The findings from this study may inform harm-reduction approaches to decrease the number of individuals smoking cannabis. This could help mitigate one of the greatest risks associated with cannabis use. Future research should focus on practical harm-reduction strategies that can be applied to this patient population.
The Potential Impact of Legalization of Recreational Cannabis among Current Users: A Qualitative Inquiry
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2022
Madeline B. Benz, Elizabeth R. Aston, Alana N. Mercurio, Jane Metrik
Additional outcomes of interest following cannabis legalization include price, potency, and unintended health consequences. One study found no changes in price for purchase of medical or recreational cannabis following legalization in Colorado, Washington, and Oregon; however, changes in price and demand may differ in the short versus long term (Hunt and Pacula 2017). Regarding potency, research demonstrates cannabis vaporization and consumption of edibles is higher in states that allow medical use when compared to states that do not (Borodovsky et al. 2016, 2017). Importantly, these alternative methods of cannabis use often allow for more potent products, which may be associated with negative consequences such as unintentional overdose (Monte, Zane, and Heard 2015). Furthermore, research has found increases in medical care for underlying psychiatric conditions that can be exacerbated by cannabis use (Monte, Zane, and Heard 2015) and heightened concerns related to driving under the influence of cannabis (Ghosh et al. 2017; Miller, Rosenman, and Cowan 2017; Wilkinson et al. 2016). However, studies also indicate that some changes (e. g., potency of illegal cannabis) are attenuated when controlling for confounding factors (Hasin 2018), and others have cautioned that evaluation of immediate effects following legislation changes may not accurately reflect long term changes in cannabis use and associated behaviors (Hunt and Pacula 2017).
Holmium laser enucleation versus bipolar transurethral enucleation for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, which one is better?
Published in The Aging Male, 2021
Jinze Li, Dehong Cao, Yin Huang, Chunyang Meng, Lei Peng, Zhongyou Xia, Yunxiang Li, Qiang Wei
Despite a growing amount of data reported in the literature, the comparison of HoLEP, and B-TUEP for the management of BPH is still unclear. And with that background, we performed a meta-analysis of the reported comparative studies to update the contemporary evidence base. In this study, we observed that HoLEP could have more advantages in perioperative parameters than B-TUEP. The significantly lower operation time, catheterization time, and bladder irrigation time in the HoLEP cohort. The biggest difference was found in the study of Patard et al. [25], which used a bipolar device with an oval electrode button. This technology has been developed for vaporization and coagulation. Another possible explanation is the proficiency of the surgeon. Boeri et al., Habib et al., and Higazy et al. [5,23,24] reported that the surgeons had rich experience in endoscopic enucleation (namely, >50 cases per technique). While, in the study of Patard et al. [25], both two surgical methods were performed by inexperienced surgeons (>15 cases). In general, the key to shortening the operation time of endoscopic enucleation is to accurately identify the surgical capsule plane. Meanwhile, hemostasis is also very important to make the field of vision as clear as possible during the whole process [34].