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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Naturally Occurring Flavoalkaloids
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Rashmi Gaur, Jyoti Gaur, Nikhilesh Kumar
Yoshikado et al. (2009) isolated (-)-Uncariagambiriine (57) from the leaves of Uncaria gambir Roxb., which can be collected in Indonesia. This compound contains a dihydrogambirtannine residue, which is linked to the A ring of the flavanol catechin (Figure 21.2) (Merlini et al., 1967). The absolute configuration of compound 57 was assigned based on the CD spectra analysis. In 2005, Hatakeyama and co-workers reported the total synthesis of (±)-lotthanongine (54) (Hatakeyama et al., 2005; Kawamoto et al., 1989). Many other groups performed the total synthesis of yuremamine (55) (Ohyama et al., 2015; Johansen et al., 2008; Dethe et al., 2013).
Herbal and Supplement Use in Pain Management
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Mechanism of action: according to in vitro and clinical research, the anti-inflammatory properties of Uncaria guianensis and Uncaria tomentosa may result from their ability to inhibit TNF-alpha and, to a lesser extent, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. In vitro, cat’s claw was a potent inhibitor of TNF-alpha production.3
Natural Products Structures and Analysis of the Cerrado Flora in Goiás
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Lucilia Kato, Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto Severino, Aristônio Magalhães Teles, Aline Pereira Moraes, Vinicius Galvão Wakui, Núbia Alves Mariano Teixeira Pires Gomides, Rita de Cássia Lemos Lima, Cecilia Maria Alves de Oliveira
The well-known phytotherapic Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. (Rubiaceae), popularly called “unha de gato”, is used in folk Brazilian medicine and studies have shown that alkaloids isolated from this plant have immunostimulant and antitumor activity (Nunez and Martins, 2016).
Hirsutine ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through improving mitochondrial function via CaMKII pathway
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2023
Wen Jiang, Yuxiang Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xiaomei Pan, Jieyu Liu, Qiang Chen, Junhui Chen
Uncaria rhynchophylla, a member of the Uncaria genus of the family Rubiaceae, is one type of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and it has been used extensively to treat cardiovascular diseases in the long history of China (13,14). Previous studies have confirmed that the total effective rate of the extracts from Uncaria rhynchophylla in patients with mild to moderate hypertension is 83% (13). In addition, the extracts have been reported to prevent myocardial I/R injury by reducing infarct size and alleviating oxidative stress (15). Hirsutine, one of the principal Uncaria extracts, has been demonstrated to protect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against hypoxic injury by reducing oxidative stress and cell apoptosis (15). However, whether hirsutine is involved in the protective effects of myocardial I/R injury is still unknown. Consequently, it is necessary to further explore the capacity of hirsutine to regulate myocardial I/R injury.
Phylogenetic analysis of Uncaria species based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and ITS2 secondary structure
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Shuang Zhu, Qiwei Li, Shanchong Chen, Yesheng Wang, Lin Zhou, Changqing Zeng, Jun Dong
The phylogenetic relationships of five important medicinal species of Uncaria were shown in the present study (Figure 2). Three medicinal Uncaria plants, U. rhynchophylla, U. sinensis and U. hirsuta, are reportedly similar in the morphological characteristics of their hook-bearing stems, and therefore difficult to identify (Zhu, Chen, et al. 2012; Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission 2015). In the present study, the taxa U. rhynchophylla and U. sinensis each clustered as monophyletic and as sister species in the ITS tree, while U. sinensis was nested with U. rhynchophylla in the ITS2 tree, and then clustered with three clades represented U. hirsuta, Uncaria homomalla and U. scandens. The other two medicinal plants were U. macrophylla and U. sessilifructus. U. sessilifructus was clustered as monophyletic and then clustered with U. laevigata. Except one individual (voucher GT-14), U. macrophylla was not clustered into a clade but separated from others species.
Targeted mitochondrial drugs for treatment of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Jin-Fu Peng, Oluwabukunmi Modupe Salami, Cai Lei, Dan Ni, Olive Habimana, Guang-Hui Yi
Paeonol (Table 1) is a substance extracted from Danpi, similar to Ca2+channel blockers, and has an antagonistic effect on Ca2+ overload [45]. Astragaloside (Table 1) saponins extracted from Astragalus can inhibit the activity of sodium-potassium ATPase in myocardial cells at large doses, thereby, intermittently inhibiting sodium-calcium exchange [46]. Besides, the main component of Angelica sinensis, ferulic acid [47] (Table 1), the main component of Coptis chinensis, berberine [48] (Table 1), and the main component of Ginkgo biloba, ginkgolide [50] (Table 1) all reduce the flow of calcium ions to mitochondria by blocking L-type calcium channels. However, ferulic acid has a shorter duration of action, while ginkgolide has a concentration-dependent blocking effect on L-type calcium channel currents. It should also be noted that due to their blocking effect on calcium channels, high concentrations may produce some heart-related side effects, such as cardiac arrhythmias. Rhynchophylline (Table 1), the main component of Uncaria, can inhibit the release of Ca2+ in myocardial cells without intimal dependence [49]. Panax notoginseng’s total saponins (Table 1), the main component of Panax notoginseng, can increase the activity of Ca2+pumps on the myocardial cell membrane [51], correct intracellular Ca2+ overload, prevent the influx of exogenous Ca2+ and inhibit the release of intracellular Ca2+. In a study by Héctor Chapoy-Villanueva et al., it was found that treatment with 6-propylthiouracil (Table 1) can reduce mitochondrial Ca2+overload, the mechanism is through the inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter [43]. Besides, the stromal interactive molecule 2 (STIM2) is a calcium sensor protein [76], STIM2 knockdown can reduce mitochondrial Ca2+overload in H9c2 cells after MI/RI, this is a potential target for future new drugs research.