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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Wheat belongs to the Triticum genus of the grass-like family Gramineae or Poaceae. Among many varieties of wheat, common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most cultivated since antiquity and is the staple food in most populations of this planet from Middle East to Europe, America, North Africa, Australia, and a part of Asia (38). A wheat grain is divided into three main parts: the bran, endosperm, and germ. The bran, the outer layer, is composed of fibers (50%), antioxidants, B vitamins, and 50–80% of minerals are composed of selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium (38–39).
Perspectives of Nature-Oriented Pharmacotherapeutics for the Effectual Management of Hemorrhoidal Symptoms
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Taranpreet Kaur Bamrah, Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Wheat grass (Triticum aestivum) juice is used to detoxify the walls of the hemorrhoids (anorectal region) by administrating through an enema. The juice (90–120 mL) is given with lukewarm or neem water through enema for 20 min durations and further retained for 15 min.
Role of Acetylcholine System in Allelopathy of Plants
Published in Akula Ramakrishna, Victoria V. Roshchina, Neurotransmitters in Plants, 2018
Weeds contain strong inhibitors of AChE, which possibly are deterrents against herbivory. The mechanism of action of most of the allelochemicals is not yet known. The biochemical mechanism of some plant allelochemicals as a factor in invasiveness of weeds has been studied (Bais et al., 2003; Weston and Duke, 2003; Li et al., 2010). The methanolic extract of C. rotundus, which inhibits germination, root and shoot growth in wheat and tomato, also inhibits AChE from wheat and tomato (Figures 15.2 through 15.7). Of the antiChEs found in C. rotundus, α-pinene is an allelochemical as well. It inhibits growth (radical elongation) in Triticum aestivum, along with Cicer arietinum, Cassia occidentalis, Pisum sativum, and Amaranthus viridis (Singh et al., 2006). The effect is reported to be mediated via oxidative stress. Since ACh is also known to cause increased O2 uptake/respiratory quotient, it seems plausible that α-pinene acts as allelochemical via cholinergic mechanism. Recent evidences (Zhiqun et al., 2017; Turi et al., 2014) also confirm our long-standing suggestion that these antiChEs could well be acting as allelochemicals functioning via the cholinergic system of the plants aiding in establishing supremacy over other plants trying to grow in the same habitat.
Advancements of compounds targeting Wnt and Notch signalling pathways in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Zhuonan Pu, Fang Yang, Liang Wang, Yunpeng Diao, Dapeng Chen
Triticum aestivum ethanol extract (TAEE) has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-allergy properties [84]. In mice treated with AOM/DSS, oral administration of TAEE reduced β-catenin accumulation and related gene expression in colon cancer cells to inhibit their proliferation, suggesting that TAEE achieves its therapeutic effect on colon cancer by inhibiting the Wnt pathway [85,86]. Additionally, TAEE treatment suppressed NF-κB signalling, which may be mediated by the Wnt pathway cascade. TAEE has also been found to be clinically useful in human IBD patients [87]. Similarly, incubation with gamboge ethanol extract significantly inhibited expression of β-catenin and downregulated Wnt signalling to suppress proliferation of the SW480 colon cancer cell line [88].
Nephro-protective activity of wheatgrass juice against alcohol-induced oxidative damage in rats
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
Ananda Vardhan Hebbani, Saradamma Bulle, Venkateswarlu Reddy Kanu, Asha Balachandrababu Malini, Vaddi Damodara Reddy, Varadacharyulu Nallan Chakravarthula
Grass of Triticum aestivum (family: Poaceae), commonly known as wheat grass is being reported for its therapeutic and nutritional potentials (Mujoriya and Bodla 2011). Fresh wheatgrass juice is reported to be a rich repository of iron, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper & zinc (Plaza et al. 2003; Padalia et al. 2010). Wheatgrass juice is also shown to be a rich source of tocopherols with many other phytochemical compounds like anthraquinones, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics with tremendous antioxidant potential (Durairaj et al. 2014; Suriyavathana and Roopavathi 2016), hypolipidemic (Kothari et al. 2011), hypoglycemic (Shaikh et al. 2011), and hepatoprotective (Durairaj et al. 2015) properties. Also, the WJ has been shown to be a healthy dietary supplementation with better antioxidant potential in comparison to Spirulina (Shyam et al. 2007). Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of the wheatgrass on myeloid leukemia cells lines (Das et al. 2016; Aydos et al. 2011) and its protection against hematological toxicity related to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer is being reported (Bar-Sela et al. 2007).
Inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis in Hep-2 cells by wheatgrass extract – an in vitro and in silico approach
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2018
Garima Shakya, Sangeetha Balasubramanian, Muddasarul Hoda, Rukkumani Rajagopalan
Wheatgrass (WG) is a young tender grass of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). When it is germinated for the period of 6–10 days, it is at the peak of nutrients like phenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, minerals and various other enzymes. WG also contains vitamin A, B1, C and E, β-carotene, ferulic acid, vanilic acid, many minerals and trace elements including iron, phosphorous, magnesium, manganese, calcium, iodine, selenium, copper and zinc. Certain antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase and cytochrome oxidase are also present in WG. Various reports have shown that WG has several medicinal and therapeutic properties like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-ulcerative, anti-arthritic and blood building activity in thalassemia. It is also reported to act as a detoxifying agent, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic agent. Earlier WG was consumed in the form of juice because of its widespread therapeutic potential. WG is now commercially available in market in tablet and powdered form as a health supplement (Padalia et al. 2010; Singh et al. 2012; Garima et al. 2014).